1920年至1945年,殖民地肯尼亚的劳动力控制和建立有利可图的定居农业

M. Fibaek, E. Green
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引用次数: 3

摘要

摘要:这篇文章为越来越多的关于殖民遗产对长期发展的影响的文献做出了贡献。我们关注的是肯尼亚,以前有人认为,肯尼亚的土地保有权和税收政策造成了贫困的工薪阶层,导致生活水平下降、高度不平等,并阻碍了经济发展。我们对这种解释表示异议。利用档案资料,我们描绘了有利可图的定居者农业的兴起。接下来,我们将定居者的盈利能力与税收和非洲农业的发展联系起来。与之前的研究相反,我们发现劳动力来自日益商业化的地区。因此,非洲生计的下降并不是建立成功的欧洲定居者农业的必要先决条件。相反,定居者农业部门的重组与劳动力控制政策的收紧相吻合,可以解释盈利能力的提高。高价值作物种植的增加提高了劳动力的价值。非洲流动性的减少降低了寻找和再培训工人的工资和交易成本,使定居者能够提高利润份额。我们的研究结果要求修改欧洲定居者农业的殖民遗产,以促进肯尼亚的长期经济和社会发展。
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Labour Control and the Establishment of Profitable Settler Agriculture in Colonial Kenya, c. 1920–45
ABSTRACT This article contributes to the growing literature on the impact of colonial legacies on long-run development. We focus on Kenya, where it is previously argued that land tenure and taxation policies created an impoverished class of wage workers leading to lower living standards, high inequality, and stunted economic development. We take issue with this interpretation. Using archival sources, we map the rise of profitable settler agriculture. Next, we correlate settler profitability with taxation and the development of African agriculture. Contrary to previous studies, we find that labour came from areas that became increasingly more commercialized. Thus, a decline in African livelihoods was not a necessary pre-condition for the establishment of successful European settler agriculture. Instead a restructuring of the settler agricultural sector coinciding with tightened labour control policies can explain the increased profitability. An increased cultivation of high-value crops raised the value of labour. Reductions of African mobility lowered both the wage and transaction costs of finding and retraining workers enabling the settlers to raise their profit share. Our finding calls for a revision of the colonial legacy of European settler agriculture for long-term economic and social development in Kenya.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
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