玉米杂交种在毛状元竞争下的形态反应

Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI:10.1590/1983-21252023v36n105rc
L. Galon, A. A. D. Silva, L. Brunetto, T. S. Melo, J. M. Dill, G. Concenço
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引用次数: 0

摘要

作物与杂草竞争相互作用的研究是杂草综合管理的重要手段。这项工作的目的是评估玉米杂交种的竞争能力,在有毛的乞丐存在,测试不同比例的植物在协会。玉米杂交种(Dekalb 230 PRO3、Pioneer 30F53 VYH、Brevant 2B433 PW和Syngenta 505 VIP3)和毛状头虫的最终密度为20个个体(pot-1),初步试验确定。实验采用替代系列,不同的物种组合,不同的相对比例(100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75,和0:100%)进行。采用替代实验图和相对竞争指数对物种竞争力进行了分析。玉米杂交种在减少毛状花头形态变量时损失较小,表现出相对于杂草的竞争优势。无论植株比例如何,在有毛状赘肉存在的情况下,玉米杂交种之间的竞争都会受到负面影响,导致株高、茎粗、叶面积和干质量的降低。当比较无竞争与任何相关密度时,观察到玉米杂交种和杂草的MS分别平均降低10%和86%,种内竞争比种间竞争更有害。玉米杂交种和毛乞丐争夺同样的环境资源,作物比竞争对手更具竞争力。
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Morphological responses of maize hybrids under competition with hairy beggarticks
ABSTRACT The study of competitive interactions between crops and weeds can be an important tool in integrated weed management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of maize hybrids in the presence of hairy beggarticks, testing different proportions of plants in the associations. For maize hybrids (Dekalb 230 PRO3, Pioneer 30F53 VYH, Brevant 2B433 PW, and Syngenta 505 VIP3) and for hairy beggarticks, the final density was 20 individuals pot-1, which was determined in preliminary experiments. Experiments were carried out on a substitutive series, on different combinations of the species, varying the relative proportions (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100%). The analysis of species competitiveness was performed using diagrams applied to the substitutive experiments and relative competitiveness indices. The maize hybrids showed less loss when reducing the morphological variables of the hairy beggarticks and demonstrated superiority in competitive ability in relation to the weed. Competition occurred between maize hybrids in the presence of hairy beggarticks, being negatively affected, regardless of the proportion of plants, causing reductions in plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and dry mass. An average reduction of 10% and 86% of the MS of maize hybrids and weed was observed, respectively, when comparing the absence of competition with any associated densities, intraspecific competition being more harmful than interspecific. Maize hybrids and hairy beggarticks compete for the same environmental resources, with the crop being more competitive than the competitor.
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