Fibreglass Reinforcement Integrated with Palm Kernel Shell as Partial Replacement of Sand for Brick Production

Malaysia’s palm oil industry generates a huge amount of palm kernel shell (PKS) waste. Utilising PKS as a sand replacement in brick production is one of the viable solutions to reduce biomass waste. The water absorption test revealed that the char-PKS absorbs significantly more water than the PKS-brick. The compression strength indicated that PKS masonry bricks meet Ma - laysian standards and American Society for Testing and Materials. According to the density test, the bricks with the maximum sand replacement fall into the lightweight range. This research has sparked hope of reducing PKS waste by using it as a partial replacement for sand in brick production.