«No se dice “¿qué?”, se dice “¿mande?”». Origen y evolución de la fórmula “mande” en español

«No se dice “¿qué?”, se dice “¿mande?”». Origin and evolution of the formula «mande» in Spanish The objective of the study is to delve into the origin and the process of pragmaticalization of the expression mande, from a directive act of speech. Although its use is currently typical of Mexican Spanish, where with interrogative intonation mande is used to respond to the addressee‘s call or to ask the recipient to repeat the message that the sender has not understood or has not heard well, its uses are well documented in peninsular Spanish from the 16th century. With the help of discursive proximity texts (comedy, dialogue texts, etc. from 16th to 20th centuries), the author tries to find the socio-pragmatic contexts that contributed to the creation of the formula mande. * This research was funded by the Priority Research Area Heritage under the program Excellence Initiative – Research University at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. La presente investigación ha sido realizada gracias a una estancia investigadora en la Academia Nacional de Lenguas de Uruguay. Quiero expresar mi más profunda gratitud a las Profesoras Virginia Bertolotti y Marisa Malcuori por su calurosa acogida y la inestimable ayuda que me brindaron. La cita que encabeza el título proviene de la obra de Poniatowska (2003: 146).