基于摩擦振动信号的液压制动器故障诊断与分析

IF 0.7 Q4 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL Journal of Vibroengineering Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI:10.21595/jve.2023.23078
Qiuhuan Ma, Yan Wang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

针对不同故障类型的制动器所对应的摩擦振动信号差异较大,提出了一种基于振动信号检测的液压盘式制动器故障诊断与判断方案,并进行了验证。根据液压制动器的组成和电控原理,建立了振动信号检测和制动压力控制策略。设计了检测系统的关键硬件和隔离电路,采用SPI和can总线通信方案,有效提高了振动数据采集和传输过程中的稳定性和抗干扰能力。为了消除摩擦振动信号中的噪声干扰,提高故障诊断的精度,将小波阈值去噪方法应用于制动盘振动信号处理。通过对所选小波系数进行逆变换,将信号中的有用成分与无效噪声分离,得到去噪后的信号。为了研究故障类型与振动信号特征的相关性,建立了液压制动系统摩擦振动试验台,对振动传感器输出信号进行获取和处理。对比分析了制动盘正常状态和表面存在微裂纹、过度磨损、疲劳剥落等缺陷时振动信号的频谱响应规律。制动压力、主轴转速等外部参数保持不变,消除了工作因素对振动特性的影响。为了研究制动压力失效对摩擦振动的影响,对比分析了液压阀泄漏和保压失效情况下振动信号的变化规律。结果表明,摩擦振动信号可作为判断制动盘表面缺陷和制动压力故障的有效依据。在小波阈值去噪的条件下,可以得到准确有效的振动参数,这对制动系统的安全可靠性具有重要意义。
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Fault diagnosis and analysis of hydraulic brake based on friction vibration signal
The friction vibration signal corresponding to different fault types of brakes is significantly different, thus a hydraulic disc brake fault diagnosis and judgment scheme based on vibration signal detection was proposed and validated in the paper. According to the composition and electric control principle of hydraulic brake, the vibration signal detection and brake pressure control strategies were established. The key hardware and isolation circuit of the detection system were designed, which can effectively improve the stability and anti-interference ability in the process of vibration data acquisition and transmission with SPI and CAN bus communication scheme. In order to eliminate noise interference in friction vibration signal and improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis with advantage, wavelet threshold denoising method was applied to brake disc vibration signal processing. The denoised signal can be obtained by inverting the selected wavelet coefficients to separate the useful components of the signal from the invalid noise. For the research on the correlation between fault types and vibration signal characteristics, a friction vibration test bench for hydraulic braking system was built to obtain and process the output signal from vibration sensor. The frequency spectrum response laws of vibration signals were compared and analyzed when the brake disc was normal and had surface defects, including microcracks, excessive wear and fatigue peeling. The external parameters such as brake pressure and spindle speed were keeping constant, thus eliminating the influence of working factors on vibration characteristics. In order to study the influence of brake pressure failure on friction vibration, the variation law of vibration signal is compared and analyzed under the condition of hydraulic valve leakage and pressure maintaining failure. The results show that the friction vibration signal can be used as an effective basis for judging the surface defects and brake pressure faults of brake discs. Under the condition of wavelet threshold denoising, accurate and effective vibration parameters can be obtained, which is of great significance to the safety and reliability of the braking system.
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来源期刊
Journal of Vibroengineering
Journal of Vibroengineering 工程技术-工程:机械
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
97
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: Journal of VIBROENGINEERING (JVE) ISSN 1392-8716 is a prestigious peer reviewed International Journal specializing in theoretical and practical aspects of Vibration Engineering. It is indexed in ESCI and other major databases. Published every 1.5 months (8 times yearly), the journal attracts attention from the International Engineering Community.
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