The evaluation of the microbial community of lower respiratory tracts microbiota in tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals using Metagenomics

The evaluation of microbial community of lower respiratory tracts microbiota in tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals using MetagenomicsAbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis is remained as global challenge which is considered as the top cause of human death in worldwide. the role of lower respiratory tracts microbiota interaction with the immune system to determining the final outcomes of infection with M. tuberculosis has gained attention in recent years. The aim of the present study was detection and comparison of microbial diversity and population community of lower respiratory tracts the microflora in pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals using high throughput sequencing data by metagenomics. We found that microbial taxa were similar between TB and normal except Tenericutes which supplemented in microflora of pulmonary tuberculosis cases. Moreover, the abundance of bacterial genera is significantly divers between TB and healthy groups. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Microbiota; Tuberculosis; 16S rRNA; MetagenomicsAlthough it’s a century since Robert Koch introduced the Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), this remains one of the leading causes of death throughout the globe (1-2). According to WHO reports in 2020, about 10 million individuals have become infected with tuberculosis, and 1.5 million have died in 2019 (3). In recent years, tuberculosis eradication seems to be impossible due to the inefficacy of the BCG vaccine in adults, the proliferation of patients with immunodeficiency, HIV pandemics, and drug-resistance TB (4-7).