Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.60368.1377
Ashutosh Kumar Singh, N. Khargekar, D. Khanna, Ashish Sharma
Stigma and disease have an ancient relation. Since disease is being considered as the curse of God and patients of contagious diseases is considered as disease spreader facing the social rejection. Wreak havoc of COVID-19 across the globe has desolated the mindset of common man, fear, anxiety and ignorance of community fuelling the social discrimination. The patient can recover the physical wound or diseases but stigma strikes the soul of victim that debilitates the will for survival. Stigma does not only affect the patients only but also the front line warriors excruciating the global emergency. Psychological distress mitigation is still missing in COVID-19 coping strategies. This article is intended to provide an overview of social-stigmatization faced by different sets of population as well as to draw attention over mental health component assimilation in therapeutic measures of COVID-19. To ensure the physical, mental and social wellbeing of the individual and society as whole.
{"title":"An Overview of COVID-19 Stigma: India’s perspective “Pain of rejection is more severe than infection”","authors":"Ashutosh Kumar Singh, N. Khargekar, D. Khanna, Ashish Sharma","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.60368.1377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.60368.1377","url":null,"abstract":"Stigma and disease have an ancient relation. Since disease is being considered as the curse of God and patients of contagious diseases is considered as disease spreader facing the social rejection. Wreak havoc of COVID-19 across the globe has desolated the mindset of common man, fear, anxiety and ignorance of community fuelling the social discrimination. The patient can recover the physical wound or diseases but stigma strikes the soul of victim that debilitates the will for survival. Stigma does not only affect the patients only but also the front line warriors excruciating the global emergency. Psychological distress mitigation is still missing in COVID-19 coping strategies. This article is intended to provide an overview of social-stigmatization faced by different sets of population as well as to draw attention over mental health component assimilation in therapeutic measures of COVID-19. To ensure the physical, mental and social wellbeing of the individual and society as whole.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48997585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-17DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.57833.1368
Narendra Kumar, B. Sahu, D. Sharma
Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures represent the fractures involving the articular surface of proximal part of the tibia bone i.e. lateral or medial condyle or both, and with varying degrees of articular depression and displacement.Fixation by locking plates has led to dramatic improvement in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Method: It was a prospective study conducted on 30 patients with tibial plateau fractures at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Patients were operated with locking compression plates and followed up for 18 months. Union was checked with serial radiographs and functional outcome was assessed with Rasmussen Functional Knee Score. Result:Twentynine patients achieved union at a mean time of 13.65 weeks, one patient had infective nonunion. Overall mean Rasmussen Functional Knee Score was 27 which is graded as excellent. Conclusion: Treatment of tibial plateau fractures with open reduction and plating with locking compression plates provides anatomical reduction and desirable functional outcome. Union is earlier and functional results are better for Schatzker type 1-3 when compared to type 4-6. Return to work with greater capacity largely depends on motivation.
{"title":"Functional outcome of tibial plateau fractures treated by Locking Compression Plates- A Prospective Study.","authors":"Narendra Kumar, B. Sahu, D. Sharma","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.57833.1368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.57833.1368","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures represent the fractures involving the articular surface of proximal part of the tibia bone i.e. lateral or medial condyle or both, and with varying degrees of articular depression and displacement.Fixation by locking plates has led to dramatic improvement in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures.\u0000\u0000Method: It was a prospective study conducted on 30 patients with tibial plateau fractures at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Patients were operated with locking compression plates and followed up for 18 months. Union was checked with serial radiographs and functional outcome was assessed with Rasmussen Functional Knee Score.\u0000\u0000Result:Twentynine patients achieved union at a mean time of 13.65 weeks, one patient had infective nonunion. Overall mean Rasmussen Functional Knee Score was 27 which is graded as excellent.\u0000\u0000Conclusion: Treatment of tibial plateau fractures with open reduction and plating with locking compression plates provides anatomical reduction and desirable functional outcome. Union is earlier and functional results are better for Schatzker type 1-3 when compared to type 4-6. Return to work with greater capacity largely depends on motivation.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49298029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.59643.1373
M. Youssefi, Golsa Teimouri, Farnaaz Zahedi-avval, K. Ghazvini, M. Keikha
The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ST2 protein and interleukin-33 in patients affected to tuberculosis and compare them with the control group. In the present study, at first 30 patients affected to TB were randomly selected and 52 healthy individuals, who were matched with respect to their age and gender, included in the study as the control group. After that, the serum levels of sST2 and IL33 were measured by ELISA sandwich method using commercial Quantikine Human ELISA kit (R&D Systems). The data were finally analyzed by SPSS software. IL-33 levels in the TB group were higher than the healthy controls and a statistically significant difference was observed in the IL-33 levels between the two groups (P = 0.021). Moreover, IL-33R (ST2) was slightly increased in the TB patients compared to the healthy controls, although statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.083). Regarding the high normal variation of sST2 and the limitations of the present study, it is recommended that future studies of sST2 be performed in with higher number of TB patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of Interleukin 33 and ST2 serum concentration in active tuberculosis patients","authors":"M. Youssefi, Golsa Teimouri, Farnaaz Zahedi-avval, K. Ghazvini, M. Keikha","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.59643.1373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.59643.1373","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of ST2 protein and interleukin-33 in patients affected to tuberculosis and compare them with the control group. In the present study, at first 30 patients affected to TB were randomly selected and 52 healthy individuals, who were matched with respect to their age and gender, included in the study as the control group. After that, the serum levels of sST2 and IL33 were measured by ELISA sandwich method using commercial Quantikine Human ELISA kit (R&D Systems). The data were finally analyzed by SPSS software. IL-33 levels in the TB group were higher than the healthy controls and a statistically significant difference was observed in the IL-33 levels between the two groups (P = 0.021). Moreover, IL-33R (ST2) was slightly increased in the TB patients compared to the healthy controls, although statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.083). Regarding the high normal variation of sST2 and the limitations of the present study, it is recommended that future studies of sST2 be performed in with higher number of TB patients.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46089213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.59562.1371
A. Al-Janabi, R. K. M. Jawad
A variety of Candida spp. as the most common fungi in the human body can normally be found in the vagina competing with other microbotes. Their presence is influenced by a variety of conditions in the vaginal environment. The proliferation of Candida spp. in the vagina under specific conditions can result in a fungal disease known as vaginal candidiasis. More than 17 species of Candida out of 200 members of this genus are capable of causing diseases within the human body. Estrogen, along with other steroidal hormones, has been shown to have direct multifunctional effects on various pathogenic microorganisms by numerous activities. Its production as well as other factors such as disturbance of microbial balance and immune activity may alter the vaginal physical environment and promote the development of vaginal fungal infection. The vaginal functions can be affected by the level of circulation of estrogens in the blood according to the stage of the menstrual cycle in women. It also has many other functional actions on the vaginal structure. Estrogen and several other factors play an important role in determining the vaginal content of Candida species. Its effect could be a direct action on the cells of Candida or through an indirect effect on the immunity defenses of the vagina.
{"title":"Estrogen on Candida spp. of the vagina: Is there any effect?","authors":"A. Al-Janabi, R. K. M. Jawad","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.59562.1371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.59562.1371","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of Candida spp. as the most common fungi in the human body can normally be found in the vagina competing with other microbotes. Their presence is influenced by a variety of conditions in the vaginal environment. The proliferation of Candida spp. in the vagina under specific conditions can result in a fungal disease known as vaginal candidiasis. More than 17 species of Candida out of 200 members of this genus are capable of causing diseases within the human body. Estrogen, along with other steroidal hormones, has been shown to have direct multifunctional effects on various pathogenic microorganisms by numerous activities. Its production as well as other factors such as disturbance of microbial balance and immune activity may alter the vaginal physical environment and promote the development of vaginal fungal infection. The vaginal functions can be affected by the level of circulation of estrogens in the blood according to the stage of the menstrual cycle in women. It also has many other functional actions on the vaginal structure. Estrogen and several other factors play an important role in determining the vaginal content of Candida species. Its effect could be a direct action on the cells of Candida or through an indirect effect on the immunity defenses of the vagina.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48151979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.59641.1372
Hesaneh Izadyar, M. Ahadi, A. Khorashad, H. Saadatnia, H. Vosoghinia, Mohamadreza Farzanehfar, A. Namdar, E. Amirmajdi, Sahar Khorasani, Hamideh Akbari, Foad Faroughi Bojd
Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine in patients referring to the gastroentrology clinics in Mashhad. Methods: Patients responded to the questionnaire and study checklist through interviews. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-16 statistical software.Results: This study was conducted on 751 patients referring to gastroenterologists; of whom, 274 (48.36%) were male and 476 (38.63) were female. According to the results, the most popular complementary and alternative medicine treatments were respectively herbal medicine, cupping therapy and acupuncture. A significant difference was observed in the means at is faction with complementary and alternative medicine between those who believed in it and those who did not (p=0.001); but, no significant difference was detected in mean satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between patients with different occupations (p=0.193). There was also a significant difference in the number of patients between the group of patients receiving chemical medication and the group of patients receiving complementary and alternative medicine therapies (p=0.005). No significant difference was found in the level of satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between participants referring to the gastroenterology clinics for different causes (p=0.431); nonetheless, the highest satisfaction was observed in patients with malignancy, and the lowest satisfaction was detected in patients with oesophagal disorders.Conclusion: This study indicated the high prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine in Iran. The worldwide popularity of complementary and alternative medicine should not be overlooked, therefore; current medical treatment systems need to be revised and modified.
{"title":"Trend and use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Gastroenterology patients.","authors":"Hesaneh Izadyar, M. Ahadi, A. Khorashad, H. Saadatnia, H. Vosoghinia, Mohamadreza Farzanehfar, A. Namdar, E. Amirmajdi, Sahar Khorasani, Hamideh Akbari, Foad Faroughi Bojd","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.59641.1372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.59641.1372","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine in patients referring to the gastroentrology clinics in Mashhad. Methods: Patients responded to the questionnaire and study checklist through interviews. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-16 statistical software.Results: This study was conducted on 751 patients referring to gastroenterologists; of whom, 274 (48.36%) were male and 476 (38.63) were female. According to the results, the most popular complementary and alternative medicine treatments were respectively herbal medicine, cupping therapy and acupuncture. A significant difference was observed in the means at is faction with complementary and alternative medicine between those who believed in it and those who did not (p=0.001); but, no significant difference was detected in mean satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between patients with different occupations (p=0.193). There was also a significant difference in the number of patients between the group of patients receiving chemical medication and the group of patients receiving complementary and alternative medicine therapies (p=0.005). No significant difference was found in the level of satisfaction with complementary and alternative medicine between participants referring to the gastroenterology clinics for different causes (p=0.431); nonetheless, the highest satisfaction was observed in patients with malignancy, and the lowest satisfaction was detected in patients with oesophagal disorders.Conclusion: This study indicated the high prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine in Iran. The worldwide popularity of complementary and alternative medicine should not be overlooked, therefore; current medical treatment systems need to be revised and modified.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42184522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-11DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.58032.1369
K. S. Rizi, Hadi Farsiani, Mohammad Momen Ghalibaf
Today, human bloodstream infections (BSIs) are recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bacteria, responsible for bacteremia, are usually identified in diagnostic clinical laboratories, using blood cultures. True bacteremia is defined as a positive blood culture (>15 CFU/mL), with signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., fever and chills). A wide range of bacteria can cause true bacteremia and some bacterial isolates from BSIs may be responsible for contamination. Gram-positive bacilli, such as Bacillus species, and coryneform bacteria are suspected sources of contamination in blood cultures. However, in certain patients, such as immunocompromised patients and intravenous drug users, gram-positive bacilli can act as a true pathogen. Therefore, it is important to know when gram positive bacilli act as a true pathogen and when they act as contamination. So, the rapidly diagnosis of true pathogens and appropriate treatment play a very important role in controlling infection with these bacteria. Effective measures are especially important in patients with an underlying disease or an immunocompromised status. In this article, we reviewed the literature on common Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, which were isolated from blood cultures and were suspected to be true pathogens or contaminants.
{"title":"Blood culture positive for gram-positive rods: Contamination or a true infection-A literature review","authors":"K. S. Rizi, Hadi Farsiani, Mohammad Momen Ghalibaf","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.58032.1369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.58032.1369","url":null,"abstract":"Today, human bloodstream infections (BSIs) are recognized as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bacteria, responsible for bacteremia, are usually identified in diagnostic clinical laboratories, using blood cultures. True bacteremia is defined as a positive blood culture (>15 CFU/mL), with signs and symptoms of infection (e.g., fever and chills). A wide range of bacteria can cause true bacteremia and some bacterial isolates from BSIs may be responsible for contamination. Gram-positive bacilli, such as Bacillus species, and coryneform bacteria are suspected sources of contamination in blood cultures. However, in certain patients, such as immunocompromised patients and intravenous drug users, gram-positive bacilli can act as a true pathogen. Therefore, it is important to know when gram positive bacilli act as a true pathogen and when they act as contamination. So, the rapidly diagnosis of true pathogens and appropriate treatment play a very important role in controlling infection with these bacteria. Effective measures are especially important in patients with an underlying disease or an immunocompromised status. In this article, we reviewed the literature on common Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria, which were isolated from blood cultures and were suspected to be true pathogens or contaminants.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47731928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.55444.1353
S. Babaniamansour, Nooshin Najari, Ehsan Aliniagerdroudbari, Amirmohammad Babaniamansour, Saeed Pezeshki
Introduction:One of the most common diabetes complications is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Besides conventional treatments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is known as an adjunctive therapy for DFU. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of HBOT and possible risk factors. Methods:This study was conducted in two hyperbaric clinics of Bahar and Khatam, respectively in Isfahan and Tehran, Iran, between September 2016 and September 2017. Eligible participants underwent 100% oxygen at 2 to 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 90 to 120 minutes daily (five days per week). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24.0. Results: The recovery rate was 69% in 58 enrolled patients and had a significant direct association with good glycemic control status, before (p <0.01) and during HBOT (P < 0.01), and low-grade ulcers (P= 0.04). The mean number of HBOT sessions of the cured patients (21.5±17.1) was significantly higher than that of the not cured patients (11.3 ± 7.9) (P= 0.02). However, the recovery rate had no significant association with the type of ulcer (P= 0.1). Conclusion: HBOT had good efficacy and a high recovery rate in DFU treatment. Given the fact that good glycemic control status reduces the incidence of ulcers, this study showed that it increased the DFU recovery rate under HBOT.
{"title":"Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Diabetic Foot Ulcer; a Clinical Study","authors":"S. Babaniamansour, Nooshin Najari, Ehsan Aliniagerdroudbari, Amirmohammad Babaniamansour, Saeed Pezeshki","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.55444.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.55444.1353","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:One of the most common diabetes complications is diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Besides conventional treatments, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is known as an adjunctive therapy for DFU. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of HBOT and possible risk factors. Methods:This study was conducted in two hyperbaric clinics of Bahar and Khatam, respectively in Isfahan and Tehran, Iran, between September 2016 and September 2017. Eligible participants underwent 100% oxygen at 2 to 2.5 atmosphere absolute for 90 to 120 minutes daily (five days per week). Data were analyzed with SPSS version 24.0. Results: The recovery rate was 69% in 58 enrolled patients and had a significant direct association with good glycemic control status, before (p <0.01) and during HBOT (P < 0.01), and low-grade ulcers (P= 0.04). The mean number of HBOT sessions of the cured patients (21.5±17.1) was significantly higher than that of the not cured patients (11.3 ± 7.9) (P= 0.02). However, the recovery rate had no significant association with the type of ulcer (P= 0.1). Conclusion: HBOT had good efficacy and a high recovery rate in DFU treatment. Given the fact that good glycemic control status reduces the incidence of ulcers, this study showed that it increased the DFU recovery rate under HBOT.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43480400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.55887.1356
Khadijeh Alizadeh Feremi, L. Alipoor, R. Esmaeili
Introduction:Sleep is one of the most important human needs affected by many factors. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and delayed sleep, are very common and can affect the quality and quantity of sleep. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality. Methods:The data on the effect of melatonin on sleep were collected using seven English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, ProQuest, and Science Direct, as well as six Persian databases, including Iran Medex, SID, IRANDOC, Magiran, MEDLIB, and Noormags, from their inception up to the end of January 2020. English language, randomized clinical trials, human samples, and age of higher than 18 years were the main eligibility criteria. Nonrandomized clinical trials or those without a control group were excluded from the present study. Results: Seven articles met the eligibility criteria for being included in this review. In the aforementioned studies, the effect of melatonin therapy on sleep quality was assessed in 343 subjects. The majority (86%) of the studies confirmed the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality. Conclusion: Melatonin as an orally administered drug had beneficial effects on sleep quality. These effects of melatonin attributed to more efficient healthier sleep, deeper sleep, longer sleep duration without causing fatigue and early morning drowsiness, and faster sleeping. One of the limitations of the present study was considered reviewing articles without the consideration of the medical conditions of the subjects. Moreover, the type of sleep disorder was not investigated in this review.
{"title":"Effect of Melatonin on the Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review","authors":"Khadijeh Alizadeh Feremi, L. Alipoor, R. Esmaeili","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.55887.1356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.55887.1356","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Sleep is one of the most important human needs affected by many factors. Sleep disorders, such as insomnia and delayed sleep, are very common and can affect the quality and quantity of sleep. The current systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence on the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality. \u0000Methods:The data on the effect of melatonin on sleep were collected using seven English databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Ovid, ProQuest, and Science Direct, as well as six Persian databases, including Iran Medex, SID, IRANDOC, Magiran, MEDLIB, and Noormags, from their inception up to the end of January 2020. English language, randomized clinical trials, human samples, and age of higher than 18 years were the main eligibility criteria. Nonrandomized clinical trials or those without a control group were excluded from the present study. \u0000Results: Seven articles met the eligibility criteria for being included in this review. In the aforementioned studies, the effect of melatonin therapy on sleep quality was assessed in 343 subjects. The majority (86%) of the studies confirmed the effectiveness of melatonin treatment on sleep quality. \u0000Conclusion: Melatonin as an orally administered drug had beneficial effects on sleep quality. These effects of melatonin attributed to more efficient healthier sleep, deeper sleep, longer sleep duration without causing fatigue and early morning drowsiness, and faster sleeping. One of the limitations of the present study was considered reviewing articles without the consideration of the medical conditions of the subjects. Moreover, the type of sleep disorder was not investigated in this review.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47923715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.57344.1366
M. Salehian, N. Maleki-saghooni, F. Karimi
Introduction:Child abuse is a global problem that is deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and economic performance of society. It is a behavior that occurs in various forms of physical, mental, emotional, or sexual, which can cause harm to the health, welfare, and education of the child. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of child abuse and its related factors in Iran.Methods:In the present systematic review study, to find articles related to the prevalence of child abuse in Iran, valid databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, and Google Scholar was were searched using the keywords of “child abuse”, “physical abuse” “emotional abuse”,” neglect”, “prevalence” and “Iran”.Results: In this study, 22 articles were analyzed. Based on this review about 4.5%-58.2% of children reported physical abuse, 7.3%-91.6% emotional abuse, and 5.5%-85.3% neglect. Factors associated with child abuse were hyperactivity anxiety and mental status disorder. All studies showed a significant relationship of abuses with education, occupation, addiction, and divorce of parents. Moreover, depression and anxiety of parents and poor parental relationships were related to abuse of children. Conclusion: Child abuse has many negative effects on childish and adolescent health. It seems that child abuse in Iran is in critical condition; therefore, policymakers must take action to solve this problem and prevent it by designing special programs and effective policies in Iran.
{"title":"Prevalence of Child Abuse and its Related Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Salehian, N. Maleki-saghooni, F. Karimi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.57344.1366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.57344.1366","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:Child abuse is a global problem that is deeply rooted in the cultural, social, and economic performance of society. It is a behavior that occurs in various forms of physical, mental, emotional, or sexual, which can cause harm to the health, welfare, and education of the child. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of child abuse and its related factors in Iran.Methods:In the present systematic review study, to find articles related to the prevalence of child abuse in Iran, valid databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, IranDoc, and Google Scholar was were searched using the keywords of “child abuse”, “physical abuse” “emotional abuse”,” neglect”, “prevalence” and “Iran”.Results: In this study, 22 articles were analyzed. Based on this review about 4.5%-58.2% of children reported physical abuse, 7.3%-91.6% emotional abuse, and 5.5%-85.3% neglect. Factors associated with child abuse were hyperactivity anxiety and mental status disorder. All studies showed a significant relationship of abuses with education, occupation, addiction, and divorce of parents. Moreover, depression and anxiety of parents and poor parental relationships were related to abuse of children. Conclusion: Child abuse has many negative effects on childish and adolescent health. It seems that child abuse in Iran is in critical condition; therefore, policymakers must take action to solve this problem and prevent it by designing special programs and effective policies in Iran.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43864329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22038/RCM.2021.58399.1370
Mohaddeseh Sadat Moghaddam, Niyusha Torabzadeh Khorasani, R. Darban, H. Rahimi
Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an uncommon respiratory illness that is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. The COVID-19 initially appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread everywhere around the globe. Earlier in 2003, the coronavirus was known due to the human SARS-CoV virus, which infected 8,000 people and caused 800 deaths in southeast Asia and Canada. It should be mentioned that in 2012, another coronavirus, called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, infected Saudi Arabia and 27 other countries. The SARS-CoV2 belongs to a family of viruses called Coronaviruses that can infect bats, birds, pigs, cows, and different mammals. Some plant extracts are shown to inhibit microorganism replication and may be utilized in medication to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases, one of which is chamomile. chamomile medicinal plant, that has 120 biologically active compounds, the most necessary of which are flavonoids, like apigenin and luteolin, that are shown to possess antiviral activity.
{"title":"The Effect of Chamomile Extract on Coronavirus","authors":"Mohaddeseh Sadat Moghaddam, Niyusha Torabzadeh Khorasani, R. Darban, H. Rahimi","doi":"10.22038/RCM.2021.58399.1370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/RCM.2021.58399.1370","url":null,"abstract":"Acute respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an uncommon respiratory illness that is transmitted primarily by respiratory droplets or direct contact with an infected person. The COVID-19 initially appeared in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread everywhere around the globe. Earlier in 2003, the coronavirus was known due to the human SARS-CoV virus, which infected 8,000 people and caused 800 deaths in southeast Asia and Canada. It should be mentioned that in 2012, another coronavirus, called Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, infected Saudi Arabia and 27 other countries. The SARS-CoV2 belongs to a family of viruses called Coronaviruses that can infect bats, birds, pigs, cows, and different mammals. Some plant extracts are shown to inhibit microorganism replication and may be utilized in medication to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases, one of which is chamomile. chamomile medicinal plant, that has 120 biologically active compounds, the most necessary of which are flavonoids, like apigenin and luteolin, that are shown to possess antiviral activity.","PeriodicalId":21081,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Clinical Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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