Riccardo Bacci di Capaci, A. Tasca, R. Gori, S. Vitolo, M. Puccini, G. Pannocchia
{"title":"污水污泥热液碳化的综合方法:模拟、建模和生命周期评估","authors":"Riccardo Bacci di Capaci, A. Tasca, R. Gori, S. Vitolo, M. Puccini, G. Pannocchia","doi":"10.3390/chemengineering7030044","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Sewage sludge management at wastewater treatment plants is becoming a more and more challenging task. Here, an innovative integrated modeling approach is developed to investigate the optimization of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) by the inclusion of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). To this aim, two alternative plant layouts have been considered: (i) a conventional activated sludge-based treatment plant, i.e., based on thickening, stabilization, conditioning, and dewatering; (ii) additional hydrothermal carbonization and integrated treatment of the spent liquor in the sludge line. An Italian MWWTP has been selected as a case study, and three different scenarios have been implemented in the process simulation software World Wide Engine for Simulation Training and Automation (WEST) by considering the effect of the different digestion times in the aerobic reactor. Then, according to the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology applied both on simulated and experimental data, and by the use of a Python code, the desired models have been developed and compared. Finally, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study has been carried out to estimate the impacts on human health, ecosystems, and resources. The integration of HTC corresponds to the generation of a valuable product (the hydrochar), whereas the conventional layout is associated with high disposal costs of the sewage sludge. According to LCA results, a sludge age of 40 days is recommended due to the lowest impacts estimated, both with and without a HTC section. This has been ascribed mainly to the electricity demand of the sludge line, which increases with the excess sludge flow rate, i.e., as the sludge age decreases.","PeriodicalId":9755,"journal":{"name":"ChemEngineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"An Integrated Approach to the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge: Simulation, Modeling, and Life Cycle Assessment\",\"authors\":\"Riccardo Bacci di Capaci, A. Tasca, R. Gori, S. Vitolo, M. Puccini, G. Pannocchia\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/chemengineering7030044\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Sewage sludge management at wastewater treatment plants is becoming a more and more challenging task. Here, an innovative integrated modeling approach is developed to investigate the optimization of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) by the inclusion of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). To this aim, two alternative plant layouts have been considered: (i) a conventional activated sludge-based treatment plant, i.e., based on thickening, stabilization, conditioning, and dewatering; (ii) additional hydrothermal carbonization and integrated treatment of the spent liquor in the sludge line. An Italian MWWTP has been selected as a case study, and three different scenarios have been implemented in the process simulation software World Wide Engine for Simulation Training and Automation (WEST) by considering the effect of the different digestion times in the aerobic reactor. Then, according to the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology applied both on simulated and experimental data, and by the use of a Python code, the desired models have been developed and compared. Finally, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study has been carried out to estimate the impacts on human health, ecosystems, and resources. The integration of HTC corresponds to the generation of a valuable product (the hydrochar), whereas the conventional layout is associated with high disposal costs of the sewage sludge. According to LCA results, a sludge age of 40 days is recommended due to the lowest impacts estimated, both with and without a HTC section. This has been ascribed mainly to the electricity demand of the sludge line, which increases with the excess sludge flow rate, i.e., as the sludge age decreases.\",\"PeriodicalId\":9755,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ChemEngineering\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-05-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ChemEngineering\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7030044\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ChemEngineering","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering7030044","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
污水处理厂的污泥管理是一项越来越具有挑战性的任务。本文采用一种创新的集成建模方法来研究水热碳化(HTC)对城市污水处理厂(MWWTP)的优化。为此,考虑了两种可选的工厂布局:(i)传统的活性污泥处理厂,即基于浓缩、稳定、调理和脱水;(ii)对污泥生产线中的废液进行额外的水热碳化和综合处理。以意大利某污水处理厂为例,在过程模拟软件World Wide Engine for simulation Training and Automation (WEST)中,通过考虑好氧反应器中不同消化时间的影响,实现了三种不同的场景。然后,根据实验设计(DoE)方法应用于模拟和实验数据,并使用Python代码,开发和比较了所需的模型。最后,进行了生命周期评估(LCA)研究,以估计对人类健康、生态系统和资源的影响。HTC的整合对应于产生一种有价值的产品(碳氢化合物),而传统的布局与污水污泥的高处理成本有关。根据LCA结果,由于估计影响最小,因此建议污泥龄为40天,无论是否进行HTC切片。这主要归因于污泥管道的电力需求,随着剩余污泥流量的增加,即随着污泥年龄的降低,电力需求增加。
An Integrated Approach to the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge: Simulation, Modeling, and Life Cycle Assessment
Sewage sludge management at wastewater treatment plants is becoming a more and more challenging task. Here, an innovative integrated modeling approach is developed to investigate the optimization of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) by the inclusion of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). To this aim, two alternative plant layouts have been considered: (i) a conventional activated sludge-based treatment plant, i.e., based on thickening, stabilization, conditioning, and dewatering; (ii) additional hydrothermal carbonization and integrated treatment of the spent liquor in the sludge line. An Italian MWWTP has been selected as a case study, and three different scenarios have been implemented in the process simulation software World Wide Engine for Simulation Training and Automation (WEST) by considering the effect of the different digestion times in the aerobic reactor. Then, according to the Design of Experiment (DoE) methodology applied both on simulated and experimental data, and by the use of a Python code, the desired models have been developed and compared. Finally, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study has been carried out to estimate the impacts on human health, ecosystems, and resources. The integration of HTC corresponds to the generation of a valuable product (the hydrochar), whereas the conventional layout is associated with high disposal costs of the sewage sludge. According to LCA results, a sludge age of 40 days is recommended due to the lowest impacts estimated, both with and without a HTC section. This has been ascribed mainly to the electricity demand of the sludge line, which increases with the excess sludge flow rate, i.e., as the sludge age decreases.