Manufacturing of an effective, eco-friendly nano insecticide with aiding of green alga Chlorella vulgaris in contrast with the traditional insecticide.

This study aims to establish an aqueous extract of Chlorella vulgaris as a green factory to manufacture titanium nanoparticles and to apply these nanoparticles to control the house flies (Musca domestica). Since the crystallite size of prepared titanium nanoparticles was 27.39 nm. Furthermore, the observed size for bulk particles ranged (from 92.33-249.6) nm through SEM.  While for nanocrystalline the size ranged (from 9.395- 206) nm. Several phytochemicals were detected within algal extracts such as phenols, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, resins, and saponins. All these active compounds participated in nano-synthesis by acting as reducing and stabilizing agents. finally, titanium nanoparticles were used as a controlling agent against house flies (Musca domestica) and compared with traditional insecticides (Imidacloprid). High mortality percentages reached 100% against 1st larval stage, 70% against 3rd larval stage, and 93.3% in adult flies. These fatalities were higher after using Imidacloprid for all tested stages. Many phenotypic distortions were also caught in houseflies treated with TiO2 NPs prepared by Chlorella, such as; failure in pupal emergence and maturity, incomplete development in the head, legs, and wings, and disappearance in genital organs. It has shown that Chlorella Vulgaris is a good candidate for nanomanufacturing and a rich naturally derived Nanopesticide.