危机中的城市与地区:地方经济发展的政治经济学

IF 7.2 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS Economic Geography Pub Date : 2021-04-27 DOI:10.1080/00130095.2021.1902300
Jennifer Clark
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引用次数: 3

摘要

当前,政府职能的重要性再怎么强调也不为过。越来越多地,这意味着地方和地区政府有能力应对经济不平等、结构性种族主义和气候变化等缓慢发展的地方性危机,以及经济冲击、社会动荡和突发公共卫生事件等快速发展的严重危机,这些危机已上升到大流行的程度。马丁·琼斯的《危机中的城市和地区:次国家经济发展的政治经济学》讲述了过去40年来英国断断续续的区域政策(重新)设计和不平衡实施的西西芬企业的故事。《危机中的城市和地区》是琼斯1998年至2018年工作的最终汇编,详细描述了英国地方和区域政策设计和制定的过程。琼斯的主要论点是,“新自由主义干预模式的增长”已经“拖累”了资本主义国家,因为它让市场失灵和“积累的矛盾心理和迷失方向”变得越来越重。(第37页)。换句话说,这些地方和区域治理的反复实验已经磨损了制度机器,而不是建立它。其结果是,金融机构的活力和弹性都下降了,从根本上来说,反应能力也下降了。只要看看英国退欧进程(在书中提到)和全球疫情,就能看出这一批评的正确性。危机中的城市和地区将危机视为我们都非常熟悉的离散冲击。琼斯还从理论的角度提出了危机,资本主义的危机,与大卫·哈维等人的论述相关联。这本书站在这个经济地理文献位于英国的区域发展政策项目的时间和地理背景下的深度处理。从区域发展机构到地方企业合作伙伴关系,琼斯带我们沿着英国区域政策倡议的曲折之路,以及持续努力构建一个由行业主导的区域发展政策,如果不是完全私有化的话。当然,所有这些政策变化(可能不恰当地描述为政策创新)都发生在中国(以及许多其他工业化国家)努力应对重大而深刻的结构性经济转型之际。在阅读《危机中的城市和地区》时,很明显,在英国,试图管理劳动力市场重组是故事的核心。劳动力发展机构和在职工人项目的详细清单,以及试图为劳动力市场机构和劳动力市场干预争取合适规模的重叠努力,都是值得注意的。其中一个主题是坚定不移地关注劳动力市场的供给面:技能和培训。这让人想起了多琳•梅西(Doreen Massey)有先见之明的观察:当政策制定者不把经济的失败归咎于地方时,他们是在指责人民。考虑到英国脱欧和全球大流行,琼斯的讨论可能还有一个额外的目的,与这本书的最初意图有些不同。城市与经济发展:城市与经济发展:城市与经济发展:城市与经济发展
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Cities and Regions in Crisis: The Political Economy of Sub-National Economic Development
In the present moment, it is difficult to overstate the importance of functional governments. Increasingly, that means local and regional governments with the operational capacity to respond to both the slow-moving endemic crises of economic inequality, structural racism, and climate change, and also the fast-moving acute crises of economic shocks, social unrest, and public health emergencies rising to the level of pandemic. Martin Jones’s Cities and Regions in Crisis: The Political Economy of Sub-National Economic Development, tells a story about the Sysiphenian enterprise of episodic regional policy (re)design and uneven implementation in the UK over the past forty years. Cities and Regions in Crisis is a culminating compilation of Jones’s work from 1998 to 2018, describing in detail the process of local and regional policy design and development in the UK. Jones’s primary argument is that “the growth of neoliberal modes of intervention” has “weighed down” the capitalist state by loading it up with market failures and “accumulated ambivalence and disorientation.” (p. 37). In other words, these iterative experiments in local and regional governance have worn out the institutional apparatus rather than build it up. As a consequence, institutions are simply less robust and resilient and fundamentally less responsive. No need to look further than the Brexit process (addressed in the book) and the global pandemic to view the validity of this critique. Cities and Regions in Crisis considers crises as the discrete shocks with which we are all so intimately familiar. Jones also presents crises from a theoretical perspective, the crisis of capitalism, associated with a discourse articulated by David Harvey and others. The book stands on a deep treatment of this economic geography literature situated within the temporal and geographic context of the UK’s regional development policy project. From regional development agencies through local enterprise partnerships, Jones takes us along the winding road of regional policy initiatives in the UK and the sustained effort to construct an industry-led, if not wholly privatized, approach to regional development policy. Of course, all of this policy change (perhaps not appropriately described as policy innovation) occurs as the country itself (and many other industrialized countries) grapple with significant and deeply structural economic transitions. In reading Cities and Regions in Crisis, it becomes clear that in the UK, attempts to manage labor market restructuring are central to the story. The laundry lists of workforce development agencies and incumbent worker programs, coupled with the overlapping efforts attempting to get the scale right for both labor market institutions and labor market interventions, are remarkable to see laid out in detail. One theme is the unwavering focus on the supply side of the labor market: skills and training. This calls to mind Doreen Massey’s prescient observation that when policy makers are not blaming places for the failures of the economy, they are blaming the people. In light of Brexit and the global pandemic, Jones’s discussion perhaps serves an additional purpose, somewhat different from the book’s initial intentions. Cities and EC O N O M IC G EO G R A PH Y
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来源期刊
Economic Geography
Economic Geography Multiple-
CiteScore
9.70
自引率
2.90%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: Economic Geography is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing original research that advances the field of economic geography. Their goal is to publish high-quality studies that are both theoretically robust and grounded in empirical evidence, contributing to our understanding of the geographic factors and consequences of economic processes. It welcome submissions on a wide range of topics that provide primary evidence for significant theoretical interventions, offering key insights into important economic, social, development, and environmental issues. To ensure the highest quality publications, all submissions undergo a rigorous peer-review process with at least three external referees and an editor. Economic Geography has been owned by Clark University since 1925 and plays a central role in supporting the global activities of the field, providing publications and other forms of scholarly support. The journal is published five times a year in January, March, June, August, and November.
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