作为传粉者和病原体的枢纽Flowers的凤仙花

IF 3.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Neobiota Pub Date : 2023-08-07 DOI:10.3897/neobiota.87.102576
K. Najberek, W. Solarz, Wojciech Wysoczański, E. Wȩgrzyn, P. Olejniczak
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引用次数: 1

摘要

病原菌对花的侵染可能影响授粉效果。同时,通过分享受感染的花朵,传粉者增加了病原体的传播。在这项研究中,我们发现了外来入侵的喜马拉雅凤仙花(Impatiens glandulifera)及其传粉者的花朵上的真菌,凤仙花是欧洲最能获得花蜜的植物之一。我们确定了影响病原菌种类存在和传粉者数量的因素(如植株大小、花的下萼片长度和入口宽度、空气温度和光照)。该研究是在波兰的三个地区进行的,在时间上不同于腺体蚜的入侵开始。它允许将我们的结果嵌入到竞争能力增强(EICA)假说的进化背景中。根据这一假设,我们检验了来自两个年轻种群的腺体花是否比来自老种群的个体更频繁地授粉,这可能是后者个体花的侵染率更高的结果。从其花中鉴定出有害的原发病原菌(如灰霉病菌和谷草镰刀菌)。虽然关于记录的病原体物种对传播它们的传粉媒介的影响的知识仍然有限,但已知这些病原体会对本地植物物种造成毁灭性疾病,并给作物造成重大经济损失。因此,它们在入侵群落中的传播可能会对当地生物多样性和附近作物生产造成严重威胁。我们没有发现支持EICA假设的证据,即花朵从病原体中释放可能会增加传粉者的活动。在最年轻的调查人群中,蜂窝蜂是最常见的访虫,而在其他两个调查人群中,牧草是最常见的。到目前为止,还没有记录到蜂状芽孢杆菌作为腺芽孢杆菌传粉者的优势地位。一种可能的解释是,在最年轻的种群中,花朵的入口比两个较老的种群要宽得多,这对大黄蜂来说更容易接近。我们认为,花尺寸的变化可能与进化过程和/或表型可塑性有关;然而,这一建议需要在进一步的研究中得到证实。与此同时,可以预期,在最年轻的种群中,蜂状芽孢杆菌在腺体花中的异常频繁的访问可能有助于增加病原体物种对与该传粉媒介特别相关的新本地寄主植物的传播率。
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Flowers of Impatiens glandulifera as hubs for both pollinators and pathogens
Flower infestation by pathogens may influence pollination effectiveness. At the same time, by sharing infested flowers, pollinators increase transmission of pathogens. In the presented study we identified fungi that colonised flowers of the invasive alien Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera, one of the most nectar rewarding plants in Europe, as well as its pollinators. We determined factors (e.g., plant size, length of flower lower sepal and the width of its entry, air temperature and sun illuminance) that affect pathogen species presence and pollinators numbers. The study was conducted in three regions in Poland differing in time from the I. glandulifera invasion onset. It allowed embedding our results in the context of the evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis. With reference to this hypothesis we tested whether I. glandulifera from the two younger populations are more frequently pollinated than individuals from the old one, which may be a result of the higher infection prevalence in the flowers of individuals from the latter population. Harmful primary pathogens of I. glandulifera (e.g., Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum) were identified from its flowers. Although the knowledge of the impact of the recorded pathogen species on the pollinators that transmit them is still limited, these pathogens are known to cause devastating diseases of native plant species and to incur significant economic losses in crops. Therefore, the facilitation of their transmission by I. glandulifera in the invaded communities may pose a serious threat both to native biodiversity and nearby crop production. We did not find support for the EICA hypothesis that flower release from pathogens may increase the pollinator’s activity. Bombus hortorum was the most frequent visitor in the youngest surveyed population, while B. pascuorum was most frequent in the two others. So far the dominance of B. hortorum as a pollinator of I. glandulifera has not been recorded. A possible explanation is that flowers in the youngest population, with significantly wider entries than in the two older ones, were more accessible for this large bumblebee. We suggest that the shifts in flower dimensions may result from the evolutionary processes and/or phenotypic plasticity; however, this suggestion needs to be confirmed in further studies. At the same time, it can be expected that exceptionally frequent visits of B. hortorum in flowers of I. glandulifera in the youngest population may contribute to increasing transmission rate of pathogen species to the new native host plants that are particularly associated with this pollinator.
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来源期刊
Neobiota
Neobiota Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
7.80%
发文量
0
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: NeoBiota is a peer-reviewed, open-access, rapid online journal launched to accelerate research on alien species and biological invasions: aquatic and terrestrial, animals, plants, fungi and micro-organisms. The journal NeoBiota is a continuation of the former NEOBIOTA publication series; for volumes 1-8 see http://www.oekosys.tu-berlin.de/menue/neobiota All articles are published immediately upon editorial approval. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.
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