Morbilidad y mortalidad de neonatos < 1,500 g ingresados a la UCIN de un hospital de tercer nivel de atención

Introduction

With the advances of perinatal and neonatal care, the survival of premature infants has increased. The birth weight and gestational age are the most important determinants of morbidity and neonatal mortality rates. The objective of this study was to determine the morbidity and mortality of neonates with birth weight < 1500 g who required admission into NICU.

Material and methods

An analysis of a cohort of neonates < 1500 g admitted to the NICU was carried out consecutively from January to December 2016, with the determination of prenatal care variables (prenatal steroids, use of magnesium sulphate, delivery mode), and neonatal variables (birth weight, gestational age, morbidity and mortality). Statistical analyses in the group of neonates who survived and those who died, included the calculation of chi squared test, Student t test, and Odds Ratio, with 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI).

Results

The study included 135 neonates, 113 (83.71%) of whom survived and 22 (16.29%) died. Birth weight was significantly lower for patients who died (969 g vs 842 g, P = .0074) as well as gestational age (29 vs 27.9, P = .01). As regards the morbidity of those who survived, severe BPD was present in 38%, severe IVH grade III/IV in 20%, and severe ROP in 2.6%. The principal cause of mortality was sepsis.

Discussion

In this study, mortality was similar to other countries such as Norway, Spain, and some Latin American countries.

Conclusion

Survival occurred with increasing gestational age and birth weight, with a mortality of 16.29%.