F. Leite, G. N. Nóbrega, Lana Cristina Baumgärtner, Fabiano Alecrim, Júlia Graziela da Silveira, R. C. Cordeiro, R. Rodrigues
{"title":"与作物-牲畜-林业综合系统相关的温室气体排放和碳固存","authors":"F. Leite, G. N. Nóbrega, Lana Cristina Baumgärtner, Fabiano Alecrim, Júlia Graziela da Silveira, R. C. Cordeiro, R. Rodrigues","doi":"10.1139/er-2022-0095","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Agriculture, Forest, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector account for 23% of net global anthropogenic emissions. However, effective conservation agriculture practices can sequester carbon (C) up to one meter in soil depth and vegetation biomass. Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry (ICLF) systems attempt to ensure sustainable agricultural production by combining various agricultural, livestock, and forestry production systems. This bibliographic review aims to present and discuss ICLF systems, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional systems, achieving a better understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gasses (CH4, N2O, and CO2). Integrated systems exist in tropical and temperate climates, with different practices, arrangements, designs, and modalities. Intercropping species with different root structures provide more ecological interactions that enhance biodiversity, soil quality, and C sequestration while reducing GHG emissions. Yet, ICLF systems are complex and require technical assistance and support for being implemented, besides an extensive initial investment that increases the cost of operation. A relevant carbon sink in ICLF systems is carbon from tree biomass, where the wood can be used for various purposes. Timber for sawmills and general construction has a longer C immobilization time. Methane from enteric fermentation is the greatest contributor to GHG emissions in livestock and ICLF systems. Nitrous oxide is released primarily from synthetic fertilizers (when applied), manure deposited on pastures, and decomposition of plant residues. Carbon dioxide is emitted to a lesser extent from the application of lime and urea. Many studies do not include all compartments in the C balance and often focus on only one GHG or compartment of C. Accordingly, more studies on the sources and sinks of C and their potential to offset GHG emissions in terms of CO2 equivalent are urged.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration associated with Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry (ICLF) systems\",\"authors\":\"F. Leite, G. N. Nóbrega, Lana Cristina Baumgärtner, Fabiano Alecrim, Júlia Graziela da Silveira, R. C. Cordeiro, R. Rodrigues\",\"doi\":\"10.1139/er-2022-0095\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Agriculture, Forest, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector account for 23% of net global anthropogenic emissions. However, effective conservation agriculture practices can sequester carbon (C) up to one meter in soil depth and vegetation biomass. Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry (ICLF) systems attempt to ensure sustainable agricultural production by combining various agricultural, livestock, and forestry production systems. This bibliographic review aims to present and discuss ICLF systems, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional systems, achieving a better understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gasses (CH4, N2O, and CO2). Integrated systems exist in tropical and temperate climates, with different practices, arrangements, designs, and modalities. Intercropping species with different root structures provide more ecological interactions that enhance biodiversity, soil quality, and C sequestration while reducing GHG emissions. Yet, ICLF systems are complex and require technical assistance and support for being implemented, besides an extensive initial investment that increases the cost of operation. A relevant carbon sink in ICLF systems is carbon from tree biomass, where the wood can be used for various purposes. Timber for sawmills and general construction has a longer C immobilization time. Methane from enteric fermentation is the greatest contributor to GHG emissions in livestock and ICLF systems. Nitrous oxide is released primarily from synthetic fertilizers (when applied), manure deposited on pastures, and decomposition of plant residues. Carbon dioxide is emitted to a lesser extent from the application of lime and urea. Many studies do not include all compartments in the C balance and often focus on only one GHG or compartment of C. Accordingly, more studies on the sources and sinks of C and their potential to offset GHG emissions in terms of CO2 equivalent are urged.\",\"PeriodicalId\":50514,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Reviews\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-06-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0095\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2022-0095","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration associated with Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry (ICLF) systems
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Agriculture, Forest, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector account for 23% of net global anthropogenic emissions. However, effective conservation agriculture practices can sequester carbon (C) up to one meter in soil depth and vegetation biomass. Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry (ICLF) systems attempt to ensure sustainable agricultural production by combining various agricultural, livestock, and forestry production systems. This bibliographic review aims to present and discuss ICLF systems, and their advantages and disadvantages compared to conventional systems, achieving a better understanding of the sources and sinks of greenhouse gasses (CH4, N2O, and CO2). Integrated systems exist in tropical and temperate climates, with different practices, arrangements, designs, and modalities. Intercropping species with different root structures provide more ecological interactions that enhance biodiversity, soil quality, and C sequestration while reducing GHG emissions. Yet, ICLF systems are complex and require technical assistance and support for being implemented, besides an extensive initial investment that increases the cost of operation. A relevant carbon sink in ICLF systems is carbon from tree biomass, where the wood can be used for various purposes. Timber for sawmills and general construction has a longer C immobilization time. Methane from enteric fermentation is the greatest contributor to GHG emissions in livestock and ICLF systems. Nitrous oxide is released primarily from synthetic fertilizers (when applied), manure deposited on pastures, and decomposition of plant residues. Carbon dioxide is emitted to a lesser extent from the application of lime and urea. Many studies do not include all compartments in the C balance and often focus on only one GHG or compartment of C. Accordingly, more studies on the sources and sinks of C and their potential to offset GHG emissions in terms of CO2 equivalent are urged.
期刊介绍:
Published since 1993, Environmental Reviews is a quarterly journal that presents authoritative literature reviews on a wide range of environmental science and associated environmental studies topics, with emphasis on the effects on and response of both natural and manmade ecosystems to anthropogenic stress. The authorship and scope are international, with critical literature reviews submitted and invited on such topics as sustainability, water supply management, climate change, harvesting impacts, acid rain, pesticide use, lake acidification, air and marine pollution, oil and gas development, biological control, food chain biomagnification, rehabilitation of polluted aquatic systems, erosion, forestry, bio-indicators of environmental stress, conservation of biodiversity, and many other environmental issues.