Water sustainability has become one of the most severe issues in the 21st century due to urban population growth and climate change. This paper reviews some of the critical key water issues that need to be considered in the quest for water sustainability for the upcoming decades. The purpose is to recognize the critical circumstances for maintaining water sustainability and send warning signals for regions that have passed the “tipping point” of balancing their water sustainability, while failing to realize restoring sustainability will be extremely difficult. Examples are used to demonstrate situations which, in hindsight, have been initially shown to be effective but highly problematic in the long term. This review considers, amongst others, the example of 1960s India, which shows that an agricultural “success” that started in the 1960s has subsequently become an environmental disaster. Additional issues, including the impacts of dietary adjustments, upstream diversions raising downstream shortfalls, and water transfers from agriculture to urban areas, are used as examples. They demonstrate that lessons must be learned from the past to achieve water sustainability, and adaptive measures must be adopted to help humanity avoid irreversible environmental tragedies. This paper highlights the urgent need for policymakers and stakeholders to proactively promote better water resource management strategies, domestic/international collaborations, and strict water use practice regulations, all of which will contribute to water sustainability and management plans.
{"title":"A sustainable environment requires sustainable water—a review of some water issues to learn from","authors":"Albert Z. Jiang, Edward McBean, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1139/er-2024-0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2024-0020","url":null,"abstract":"Water sustainability has become one of the most severe issues in the 21st century due to urban population growth and climate change. This paper reviews some of the critical key water issues that need to be considered in the quest for water sustainability for the upcoming decades. The purpose is to recognize the critical circumstances for maintaining water sustainability and send warning signals for regions that have passed the “tipping point” of balancing their water sustainability, while failing to realize restoring sustainability will be extremely difficult. Examples are used to demonstrate situations which, in hindsight, have been initially shown to be effective but highly problematic in the long term. This review considers, amongst others, the example of 1960s India, which shows that an agricultural “success” that started in the 1960s has subsequently become an environmental disaster. Additional issues, including the impacts of dietary adjustments, upstream diversions raising downstream shortfalls, and water transfers from agriculture to urban areas, are used as examples. They demonstrate that lessons must be learned from the past to achieve water sustainability, and adaptive measures must be adopted to help humanity avoid irreversible environmental tragedies. This paper highlights the urgent need for policymakers and stakeholders to proactively promote better water resource management strategies, domestic/international collaborations, and strict water use practice regulations, all of which will contribute to water sustainability and management plans.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Jonah, D. Hamoutene, Melanie Kingsbury, Lisa A. Johnson, A.J. Fenton
Antibiotics can be introduced from aquaculture facilities into marine sediments where they may affect benthic communities and generate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antibiotics can be used in tandem with antiparasitics and the effects of their combined usage could affect AMR patterns and transmit antibiotic resistance genes. This study compiles patterns of antibiotic and antiparasitic drug usage from 2016-2021 in British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nova Scotia (Canada) and compares them internationally. There is an overall reduction in rates of antibiotic use per fish produced in Canadian aquaculture sites from 2016-2021. Compared to other salmon-producing countries, Canadian antibiotic rates per ton of fish are lower than Chile, but higher, on average, than Norway and Scotland. Florfenicol (FLO) and oxytetracycline (OTC) are the prevalent antibiotics used in most salmon-producing countries including Canada. We also note that <30% of sites used two drugs per year, <18% of sites used three drugs with most of these sites using one antibiotic and one antiparasitic. There is an increase in FLO and a decrease use in OTC in Canada, which could be positive environmentally considering FLO's lower dose and environmental persistence. The East and West Coasts show comparable antibiotic rates with an average rate of 78 mg/kg in BC and 76 mg/kg in the Atlantic provinces, however, have differences in the type of antibiotic (average use of OTC: BC 38 mg/kg vs. Atlantic 214 mg/kg; average use of FLO: BC 40 mg/kg vs. Atlantic 10 mg/kg). Other distinctions between coasts include variation in the timing of treatments with seasonal use in the Atlantic provinces (May–November) and year-round use in BC. This pattern is likely influenced by differences in water temperature and subsequently, potential susceptibility to aquatic diseases. Disease prevalence and veterinarian choice/ preferred treatments are factors that we hypothesize may impact treatment choice; however, additional information is required to adequately comment on this point. This data compilation includes spatial descriptions that could be used for area prioritization for future studies.
{"title":"A data compilation of antibiotic treatments in Canadian finfish aquaculture from 2016 to 2021 and the cumulative usage of antibiotics and antiparasitic drugs at marine sites.","authors":"Lauren Jonah, D. Hamoutene, Melanie Kingsbury, Lisa A. Johnson, A.J. Fenton","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0124","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotics can be introduced from aquaculture facilities into marine sediments where they may affect benthic communities and generate antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antibiotics can be used in tandem with antiparasitics and the effects of their combined usage could affect AMR patterns and transmit antibiotic resistance genes. This study compiles patterns of antibiotic and antiparasitic drug usage from 2016-2021 in British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Nova Scotia (Canada) and compares them internationally. There is an overall reduction in rates of antibiotic use per fish produced in Canadian aquaculture sites from 2016-2021. Compared to other salmon-producing countries, Canadian antibiotic rates per ton of fish are lower than Chile, but higher, on average, than Norway and Scotland. Florfenicol (FLO) and oxytetracycline (OTC) are the prevalent antibiotics used in most salmon-producing countries including Canada. We also note that <30% of sites used two drugs per year, <18% of sites used three drugs with most of these sites using one antibiotic and one antiparasitic. There is an increase in FLO and a decrease use in OTC in Canada, which could be positive environmentally considering FLO's lower dose and environmental persistence. The East and West Coasts show comparable antibiotic rates with an average rate of 78 mg/kg in BC and 76 mg/kg in the Atlantic provinces, however, have differences in the type of antibiotic (average use of OTC: BC 38 mg/kg vs. Atlantic 214 mg/kg; average use of FLO: BC 40 mg/kg vs. Atlantic 10 mg/kg). Other distinctions between coasts include variation in the timing of treatments with seasonal use in the Atlantic provinces (May–November) and year-round use in BC. This pattern is likely influenced by differences in water temperature and subsequently, potential susceptibility to aquatic diseases. Disease prevalence and veterinarian choice/ preferred treatments are factors that we hypothesize may impact treatment choice; however, additional information is required to adequately comment on this point. This data compilation includes spatial descriptions that could be used for area prioritization for future studies.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140082120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birds are widely used as indicators of environmental contamination because they integrate signals across space and time. However, this advantage also means that locating the source of pollution can be challenging, especially for species that migrate large distances. Historically, assignment of contaminant burden to particular life stages or locations has been made by sampling tissues of varying time signals and associating those signals with locations assigned from band recoveries or stable isotope analyses. Unfortunately, these assignments are geographically coarse. More recently, tracking devices have been increasingly used to determine more precisely where and when contamination likely occurred. Here, we review current knowledge on using tracking devices to examine the relationship between avian movements and contaminant loads. We found 42 published articles with samples collected from 1986 to 2021 that used tracking devices to examine the relationship between avian movement and contaminant loads, where studies were primarily concentrated in the northern hemisphere, notably in the North Atlantic. Tracking methodology varied widely across studies to date, but the use of radiotransmitters and satellite tags generally decreased as newer technologies, such as global positioning systems and geolocation sensors, were developed. Blood and feathers were the most commonly used tissues to assess contaminant concentrations, but sample sizes were often low (<40, the recommended sample size for some tracking or contaminant studies) and one quarter of studies did not statistically test the relationship between tracking data and contaminant concentrations. Moving forward, studies should: 1) consider statistical power; 2) consider tissue turnover rates, contaminant turnover rates, and tracking device resolution; 3) examine tissues that inform different time scales; 4) explore the impacts of contaminants on behaviour and movement; and 5) increase collaboration, standardization, and information sharing across existing tracking or contaminant monitoring programs. Focusing on these aspects will enhance our ability to identify the source, transport, and fate of contaminants in avian species across the globe.
{"title":"Spatial ecotoxicology: What we know about the relationship between avian movements and contaminant levels","authors":"J. Baak, J. Provencher, M. Mallory, K. Elliott","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Birds are widely used as indicators of environmental contamination because they integrate signals across space and time. However, this advantage also means that locating the source of pollution can be challenging, especially for species that migrate large distances. Historically, assignment of contaminant burden to particular life stages or locations has been made by sampling tissues of varying time signals and associating those signals with locations assigned from band recoveries or stable isotope analyses. Unfortunately, these assignments are geographically coarse. More recently, tracking devices have been increasingly used to determine more precisely where and when contamination likely occurred. Here, we review current knowledge on using tracking devices to examine the relationship between avian movements and contaminant loads. We found 42 published articles with samples collected from 1986 to 2021 that used tracking devices to examine the relationship between avian movement and contaminant loads, where studies were primarily concentrated in the northern hemisphere, notably in the North Atlantic. Tracking methodology varied widely across studies to date, but the use of radiotransmitters and satellite tags generally decreased as newer technologies, such as global positioning systems and geolocation sensors, were developed. Blood and feathers were the most commonly used tissues to assess contaminant concentrations, but sample sizes were often low (<40, the recommended sample size for some tracking or contaminant studies) and one quarter of studies did not statistically test the relationship between tracking data and contaminant concentrations. Moving forward, studies should: 1) consider statistical power; 2) consider tissue turnover rates, contaminant turnover rates, and tracking device resolution; 3) examine tissues that inform different time scales; 4) explore the impacts of contaminants on behaviour and movement; and 5) increase collaboration, standardization, and information sharing across existing tracking or contaminant monitoring programs. Focusing on these aspects will enhance our ability to identify the source, transport, and fate of contaminants in avian species across the globe.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used in plastic bottles, packaging, and textile fibers. However, PET is difficult to degrade in nature and rapidly accumulates into the environment, causing serious environmental pollution and threatening human health. At present, the recycling methods for PET mainly focus on physical recycling and chemical degradation, but these methods have severe limitations resulting in the great loss of valuable materials and secondary pollution. In contrast, the biodegradation of PET is gradually attracting attention because of its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Several PET-degrading enzymes (PDEs) have been previously identified, such as cutinase, IsPETase, lipase, and esterase. Thereafter, many efforts have been made to push the boundaries of evolution schemes, attempting to create stronger PDEs with improved activity and stability. Nevertheless, most of these enzymes show preferences towards low-crystallinity (<10%) PET, while in situ enzymatic degradation of high-crystallinity PET (30%-50%) remains a major challenge. Exploring and engineering PDEs that can efficiently degrade bottle-grade PET plastics has become a research hotspot recently. This review systematically introduces the current advances in PDEs and emphasizes the role of metagenomics in screening and identifying new PDEs.
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）广泛用于塑料瓶、包装和纺织纤维。然而，PET 在自然界中难以降解，并迅速积累到环境中，造成严重的环境污染，威胁人类健康。目前，PET 的回收方法主要集中在物理回收和化学降解，但这些方法都有很大的局限性，会造成宝贵材料的大量损失和二次污染。相比之下，PET 的生物降解因其环保、高效和成本效益高而逐渐受到关注。之前已经发现了几种 PET 降解酶（PDEs），如 cutinase、IsPETase、lipase 和 esterase。此后，人们一直在努力突破进化方案的界限，试图创造出更强的、具有更高活性和稳定性的 PDE。然而，这些酶大多偏好低结晶度（<10%）的 PET，而高结晶度 PET（30%-50%）的原位酶降解仍是一大挑战。探索和设计能有效降解瓶级 PET 塑料的 PDE 已成为近期的研究热点。本综述系统地介绍了目前 PDEs 的研究进展，并强调了元基因组学在筛选和鉴定新 PDEs 方面的作用。
{"title":"Recent advances in screening and identification of PET-degrading enzymes","authors":"Shengwei Sun","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0107","url":null,"abstract":"Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is widely used in plastic bottles, packaging, and textile fibers. However, PET is difficult to degrade in nature and rapidly accumulates into the environment, causing serious environmental pollution and threatening human health. At present, the recycling methods for PET mainly focus on physical recycling and chemical degradation, but these methods have severe limitations resulting in the great loss of valuable materials and secondary pollution. In contrast, the biodegradation of PET is gradually attracting attention because of its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. Several PET-degrading enzymes (PDEs) have been previously identified, such as cutinase, IsPETase, lipase, and esterase. Thereafter, many efforts have been made to push the boundaries of evolution schemes, attempting to create stronger PDEs with improved activity and stability. Nevertheless, most of these enzymes show preferences towards low-crystallinity (<10%) PET, while in situ enzymatic degradation of high-crystallinity PET (30%-50%) remains a major challenge. Exploring and engineering PDEs that can efficiently degrade bottle-grade PET plastics has become a research hotspot recently. This review systematically introduces the current advances in PDEs and emphasizes the role of metagenomics in screening and identifying new PDEs.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140421773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renata Ruaro, É. A. Gubiani, A. A. Padial, James R. Karr, Robert M. Hughes, R. Mormul
Multimetric indices (MMIs) are used worldwide to assess the ecological conditions of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Different criteria and approaches are used to construct MMIs, resulting in widely different indices. Therefore, scientists, managers, and policymakers sometimes question whether such MMIs are useful for biomonitoring and bioassessment programs. Crucial design issues for biomonitoring programs include MMI responsiveness, the bioindicator group used, survey design, field sampling methods, level of taxonomic resolution, metric selection and scoring, and reference condition identification. We performed a meta-analysis on MMI development and applications worldwide to analyze the response of MMIs to different disturbance factors and to determine the degree to which MMI construction features influence their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances. We used the Web of Science database to find articles that applied an MMI and related MMI values to an environmental stressor, and we extracted data from 157 articles. We performed random-effects modeling to estimate the overall effect of MMI responses to disturbance and used subgroup analysis to analyze the extent to which the effect sizes varied as a function of different MMI construction features. We found that reference condition criteria had the major effect on MMI responses to disturbance. The environmental disturbance type, the number of metrics, and the ecosystem type to which MMIs were applied contributed more weakly to effect size variance. The general response of MMIs to disturbance was little affected by the bioindicator group, taxonomic resolution, the metric selection criteria, or scoring method. These findings have important implications for designing biomonitoring programs, including developing and improving cost-effective biological indices, because they could enhance MMI development and application protocols.
多指标指数（MMI）在全球范围内被用于评估水生和陆地生态系统的生态状况。不同的标准和方法被用于构建多指标指数，从而产生了千差万别的指数。因此，科学家、管理者和政策制定者有时会质疑这些多指标指数对生物监测和生物评估项目是否有用。生物监测计划的关键设计问题包括多指标类集响应性、所使用的生物指标组、调查设计、现场取样方法、分类学分辨率、指标选择和评分以及参考条件识别。我们对全球多指标监测网的发展和应用进行了荟萃分析，以分析多指标监测网对不同干扰因素的响应，并确定多指标监测网的构造特征对其人为干扰响应的影响程度。我们使用 Web of Science 数据库查找了将多指标海洋监测仪及相关多指标海洋监测仪数值应用于环境压力源的文章，并从 157 篇文章中提取了数据。我们采用随机效应模型估算了多指标类群对干扰反应的总体效应，并使用分组分析法分析了效应大小随多指标类群结构特征的不同而变化的程度。我们发现，参考条件标准对多指标类群对干扰的反应有主要影响。环境干扰类型、指标数量以及应用多指标监测模式的生态系统类型对效应大小差异的影响较弱。生物指标组、分类分辨率、指标选择标准或评分方法对多指标生态系统对干扰的一般响应影响不大。这些发现对设计生物监测计划（包括开发和改进具有成本效益的生物指数）具有重要意义，因为它们可以改进多指标类群的开发和应用规程。
{"title":"Responses of multimetric indices to disturbance are affected by index construction features","authors":"Renata Ruaro, É. A. Gubiani, A. A. Padial, James R. Karr, Robert M. Hughes, R. Mormul","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0098","url":null,"abstract":"Multimetric indices (MMIs) are used worldwide to assess the ecological conditions of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Different criteria and approaches are used to construct MMIs, resulting in widely different indices. Therefore, scientists, managers, and policymakers sometimes question whether such MMIs are useful for biomonitoring and bioassessment programs. Crucial design issues for biomonitoring programs include MMI responsiveness, the bioindicator group used, survey design, field sampling methods, level of taxonomic resolution, metric selection and scoring, and reference condition identification. We performed a meta-analysis on MMI development and applications worldwide to analyze the response of MMIs to different disturbance factors and to determine the degree to which MMI construction features influence their responsiveness to anthropogenic disturbances. We used the Web of Science database to find articles that applied an MMI and related MMI values to an environmental stressor, and we extracted data from 157 articles. We performed random-effects modeling to estimate the overall effect of MMI responses to disturbance and used subgroup analysis to analyze the extent to which the effect sizes varied as a function of different MMI construction features. We found that reference condition criteria had the major effect on MMI responses to disturbance. The environmental disturbance type, the number of metrics, and the ecosystem type to which MMIs were applied contributed more weakly to effect size variance. The general response of MMIs to disturbance was little affected by the bioindicator group, taxonomic resolution, the metric selection criteria, or scoring method. These findings have important implications for designing biomonitoring programs, including developing and improving cost-effective biological indices, because they could enhance MMI development and application protocols.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140439212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumbul Saeed, Rahat Riaz, Gan Zhang, Jun Li, Riffat Naseem Malik
Dissolved Black Carbon (DBC) is the remobilized soluble fraction of Black Carbon (BC). DBC, present in all aquatic environments, is a heterogeneous mixture of various pyrogenic aromatics. For a long time, oceans were solitarily considered to be the largest pool of DBC. However, recent research indicates that lakes might also contain significant concentrations of DBC. Anthropogenic BC emissions and seasonal changes driven by climate change could increase DBC flux to glacial and fluvial lacustrine systems with unique effects. In this article, current knowledge concerning the formation, sources, transportation, fate and environmental implications of DBC in lacustrine networks is presented. Furthermore, ambiguities pertaining to terminology and methodologies used in separation and quantification of DBC are also reviewed and research gaps which should be addressed in future studies are highlighted. Constraining DBC dynamics and residence times in lacustrine systems could provide valuable insights into anthropogenic perturbations of the global carbon cycle.
{"title":"Dissolved Black Carbon in Aquatic Environments with an Emphasis on Lacustrine Systems: A Review","authors":"Sumbul Saeed, Rahat Riaz, Gan Zhang, Jun Li, Riffat Naseem Malik","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0074","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved Black Carbon (DBC) is the remobilized soluble fraction of Black Carbon (BC). DBC, present in all aquatic environments, is a heterogeneous mixture of various pyrogenic aromatics. For a long time, oceans were solitarily considered to be the largest pool of DBC. However, recent research indicates that lakes might also contain significant concentrations of DBC. Anthropogenic BC emissions and seasonal changes driven by climate change could increase DBC flux to glacial and fluvial lacustrine systems with unique effects. In this article, current knowledge concerning the formation, sources, transportation, fate and environmental implications of DBC in lacustrine networks is presented. Furthermore, ambiguities pertaining to terminology and methodologies used in separation and quantification of DBC are also reviewed and research gaps which should be addressed in future studies are highlighted. Constraining DBC dynamics and residence times in lacustrine systems could provide valuable insights into anthropogenic perturbations of the global carbon cycle.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140454506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ella Sèdé Maforikan, Ali Hammani, Christian Anthony-Krueger
Benin has been the subject of numerous investigations in the complex realm of water resource management, encompassing hydrological, engineering, economic, ecological, and sociological facets. However, noticeable gaps exist, warranting a comprehensive review of the existing knowledge. This study offers a systematic review on the trends in water management research within Benin. Scholarly papers were carefully selected from reputable academic databases, including Web of Science, WorldCat, Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Science Direct, and Scopus. The selection criteria were stringent, focusing on English-keywords, journal articles and conference papers centered on water management or its associated challenges in the Benin context. The selection process entailed a two-phase screening protocol, commencing with an initial assessment based on titles, followed by subsequent screening based on abstracts and keywords. The chosen studies then underwent a thorough bibliometric analysis. The findings of this review reveal a noticeable surge in research activity related to water resource management in Benin in recent decades. These studies predominantly concentrate on rural areas. The breadth of research topics covers a wide spectrum, including water pricing reform, water policy formulation, water-related conflicts, the application of integrated water resource management, agro-dam management, challenges inherent in water resource management, water quality assessment, agricultural water usage, assessment of water availability, utilization of Geographic Information System (GIS), and the development of basin information system platforms. A majority of the examined articles emphasize water management and water availability. This review underscores the growing interest within the scientific community in exploring water resource management issues in rural Benin. Ineffective water management in Benin can be attributed to various factors, including inadequate financial support, deficient coordination among stakeholders in the water sector, a lack of transparency, suboptimal management of hydraulic infrastructure, inadequate dissemination and implementation of established legal and institutional frameworks, overlapping roles among actors involved in water resource management, and a notable scarcity of data. These findings highlight the urgent need for further research initiatives and policy interventions in these domains, with the overarching goal of enhancing the state of water management in Benin.
在复杂的水资源管理领域，贝宁一直是众多调查的对象，其中包括水文、工程、经 济、生态和社会学方面。然而，由于存在明显差距，需要对现有知识进行全面审查。本研究对贝宁水资源管理研究的趋势进行了系统回顾。我们从著名的学术数据库中精心挑选了学术论文，包括 Web of Science、WorldCat、Google Scholar、Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)、Science Direct 和 Scopus。选择标准非常严格，侧重于以贝宁水资源管理或其相关挑战为中心的英文关键词、期刊论文和会议论文。筛选过程分为两个阶段，首先根据标题进行初步评估，然后根据摘要和关键词进行筛选。随后，对所选研究进行了全面的文献计量分析。综述结果表明，近几十年来，与贝宁水资源管理有关的研究活动明显激增。这些研究主要集中在农村地区。研究课题范围广泛，包括水价改革、水政策制定、与水有关的冲突、水资源综合管理的应用、农用水坝管理、水资源管理中固有的挑战、水质评估、农业用水、可用水量评估、地理信息系统（GIS）的利用以及流域信息系统平台的开发。所审查的大多数文章都强调了水资源管理和可用水量。这篇综述强调了科学界对探讨贝宁农村水资源管理问题的兴趣与日俱增。贝宁水资源管理效率低下可归因于多种因素，包括财政支持不足、水利部门利益相关者之间协调不力、缺乏透明度、水利基础设施管理不善、既定法律和制度框架的宣传和执行不力、水资源管理参与者之间角色重叠以及数据明显匮乏。这些研究结果突出表明，迫切需要在这些领域开展进一步的研究活动和政策干预，其总体目标是改善贝宁的水资源管理状况。
{"title":"Water Resource Management Research in Benin: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ella Sèdé Maforikan, Ali Hammani, Christian Anthony-Krueger","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Benin has been the subject of numerous investigations in the complex realm of water resource management, encompassing hydrological, engineering, economic, ecological, and sociological facets. However, noticeable gaps exist, warranting a comprehensive review of the existing knowledge. This study offers a systematic review on the trends in water management research within Benin. Scholarly papers were carefully selected from reputable academic databases, including Web of Science, WorldCat, Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Science Direct, and Scopus. The selection criteria were stringent, focusing on English-keywords, journal articles and conference papers centered on water management or its associated challenges in the Benin context. The selection process entailed a two-phase screening protocol, commencing with an initial assessment based on titles, followed by subsequent screening based on abstracts and keywords. The chosen studies then underwent a thorough bibliometric analysis. The findings of this review reveal a noticeable surge in research activity related to water resource management in Benin in recent decades. These studies predominantly concentrate on rural areas. The breadth of research topics covers a wide spectrum, including water pricing reform, water policy formulation, water-related conflicts, the application of integrated water resource management, agro-dam management, challenges inherent in water resource management, water quality assessment, agricultural water usage, assessment of water availability, utilization of Geographic Information System (GIS), and the development of basin information system platforms. A majority of the examined articles emphasize water management and water availability. This review underscores the growing interest within the scientific community in exploring water resource management issues in rural Benin. Ineffective water management in Benin can be attributed to various factors, including inadequate financial support, deficient coordination among stakeholders in the water sector, a lack of transparency, suboptimal management of hydraulic infrastructure, inadequate dissemination and implementation of established legal and institutional frameworks, overlapping roles among actors involved in water resource management, and a notable scarcity of data. These findings highlight the urgent need for further research initiatives and policy interventions in these domains, with the overarching goal of enhancing the state of water management in Benin.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important precursors of forming ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which have important impacts on air quality and climate change. Using a literature search, this review analyzed the concentration levels and spatial-temporal distributions of isoprene and monoterpene in the atmosphere in China, mainly from biogenic emissions, and estimated their impact on O3 and SOA generation. The existing observations were mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Pearl River Delta region, central China, and in remote mountainous areas. The results showed that isoprene is the dominant component of BVOCs in the atmosphere, and its ambient concentration is much higher than monoterpene. The site-average concentrations of isoprene and monoterpene were 0.004–3.80 and 0.0003–6.31 ppb, respectively. At vegetation sites, the concentrations of isoprene and monoterpene were 0.006–3.80 and 0.007–6.31 ppb, respectively, whereas they were 0.004–2.70 and 0.0003–1.10 ppb at urban sites. For urban sites, the higher concentrations of annual isoprene occurred mainly in several central megacities, in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, and in southern regions. For vegetation sites, higher concentrations mainly occurred in southern regions. Ambient concentrations of BVOCs in the western region were the lowest for both urban and vegetation sites. Both isoprene and monoterpene showed higher concentrations in summer. The potential of isoprene and monoterpene to form O3 were 0.05–57.21 and 0.003–72.35 ppb, while those that form SOA were 0.0002–0.21 and 0.0006–10.46 μg/m3, respectively. For urban sites, the average annual O3 formation potential (OFP) by isoprene and monoterpene were 8.70 and 2.58 ppb, and their SOA formation potential (SOAP) were 0.03 and 0.37 μg/m3. For vegetation sites, they were 7.95 and 5.31 ppb and 0.03 and 0.75 μg/m3, respectively. The annual average contributions of isoprene and monoterpene to O3 and SOA formation were higher in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Pearl River Delta region, and central China, where experience severe air pollution in China.
{"title":"Spatial-temporal characteristics of ambient isoprene and monoterpene and their ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potentials in China","authors":"Yanqi Jia, Lili Qiao, Wenxia Xie, Lingyu Li","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0072","url":null,"abstract":"Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are important precursors of forming ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which have important impacts on air quality and climate change. Using a literature search, this review analyzed the concentration levels and spatial-temporal distributions of isoprene and monoterpene in the atmosphere in China, mainly from biogenic emissions, and estimated their impact on O3 and SOA generation. The existing observations were mainly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Pearl River Delta region, central China, and in remote mountainous areas. The results showed that isoprene is the dominant component of BVOCs in the atmosphere, and its ambient concentration is much higher than monoterpene. The site-average concentrations of isoprene and monoterpene were 0.004–3.80 and 0.0003–6.31 ppb, respectively. At vegetation sites, the concentrations of isoprene and monoterpene were 0.006–3.80 and 0.007–6.31 ppb, respectively, whereas they were 0.004–2.70 and 0.0003–1.10 ppb at urban sites. For urban sites, the higher concentrations of annual isoprene occurred mainly in several central megacities, in the Sichuan-Chongqing region, and in southern regions. For vegetation sites, higher concentrations mainly occurred in southern regions. Ambient concentrations of BVOCs in the western region were the lowest for both urban and vegetation sites. Both isoprene and monoterpene showed higher concentrations in summer. The potential of isoprene and monoterpene to form O3 were 0.05–57.21 and 0.003–72.35 ppb, while those that form SOA were 0.0002–0.21 and 0.0006–10.46 μg/m3, respectively. For urban sites, the average annual O3 formation potential (OFP) by isoprene and monoterpene were 8.70 and 2.58 ppb, and their SOA formation potential (SOAP) were 0.03 and 0.37 μg/m3. For vegetation sites, they were 7.95 and 5.31 ppb and 0.03 and 0.75 μg/m3, respectively. The annual average contributions of isoprene and monoterpene to O3 and SOA formation were higher in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Pearl River Delta region, and central China, where experience severe air pollution in China.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140488298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sturgeons are a unique group of species which were historically widespread across the northern hemisphere. According to the latest IUCN Red list assessment, more than 80% of the species globally are threatened with extinction, making it essential to identify the life stages at which they are suffering from impacts the most while at the same time to compare among river systems and populations based upon standardized assessment techniques. Sturgeon all have similar, but not identical, life-history strategies. Therefore, monitoring techniques developed for one sturgeon species would be applicable to most other species. Monitoring can be conducted at each life stage. However, while each life stage will provide different information about the population, not all will necessarily help to assess population trend or status. Life stages that are highly variable prove to be less quantifiable even after expending very high effort. Collectively, these assessments could be very informative on population status, limitations, and trends. However, monitoring at each stage is time consuming and expensive. Clearly defined objectives are therefore required when embarking on an assessment program. The objective of this study was to review the assessment techniques used for the different life stages including eggs, drifting larvae, age-0, juveniles, subadults and adults to provide a common basis for population assessments that can be standardized to some extent and thus facilitate comparisons between the results obtained. For this purpose, this review presented the most common assessment techniques for each life stage, assessed the pros and cons of assessing each life stage, and examined if the methodology was qualitative or quantitative to assist in establishing long-term monitoring initiatives.
{"title":"A review of the assessment techniques used for population monitoring at different life stages of sturgeons","authors":"T. Haxton, Joern Gessner, Thomas Friedrich","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Sturgeons are a unique group of species which were historically widespread across the northern hemisphere. According to the latest IUCN Red list assessment, more than 80% of the species globally are threatened with extinction, making it essential to identify the life stages at which they are suffering from impacts the most while at the same time to compare among river systems and populations based upon standardized assessment techniques. Sturgeon all have similar, but not identical, life-history strategies. Therefore, monitoring techniques developed for one sturgeon species would be applicable to most other species. Monitoring can be conducted at each life stage. However, while each life stage will provide different information about the population, not all will necessarily help to assess population trend or status. Life stages that are highly variable prove to be less quantifiable even after expending very high effort. Collectively, these assessments could be very informative on population status, limitations, and trends. However, monitoring at each stage is time consuming and expensive. Clearly defined objectives are therefore required when embarking on an assessment program. The objective of this study was to review the assessment techniques used for the different life stages including eggs, drifting larvae, age-0, juveniles, subadults and adults to provide a common basis for population assessments that can be standardized to some extent and thus facilitate comparisons between the results obtained. For this purpose, this review presented the most common assessment techniques for each life stage, assessed the pros and cons of assessing each life stage, and examined if the methodology was qualitative or quantitative to assist in establishing long-term monitoring initiatives.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cynthia Compaore, I. Delpla, S. Behmel, Manuel J. Rodriguez
Climate change (CC) causes extreme meteorological events such as floods, droughts, water scarcity, heat waves, wildfires and, extreme cold. CC may also damage public infrastructures such as drinking water systems (DWSs) and reduce water quality from source to tap. The objective of this review paper is to provide a critical analysis of (1) the impact of CC on the three components of the DWSs: source, treatment and distribution; (2) the perspectives of DWS employees on CC impacts and adaptation solutions for maintaining water quality; and (3) decision support systems (DSS) that could be used by DWS employees for CC adaptation. A bibliographic research was conducted using international databases and search engines. The search for scientific articles resulted in the selection of 5234 articles, 78 of which were analyzed in more detail for the elaboration of this scoping review. This review shows that the impacts of CC on water quality are significant, but DWS employees are not enthusiastic about developing adaption measures. This review also shows that DSSs can help DWS employees facilitate the CC adaptation process for the protection of source water, improve water treatment plant operations and enhance routine management of water quality in the distribution system. Further research is needed to identify strategies that might increase the awareness of and interest in climate change impacts, adaptation and the use of DSSs among DWS employees.
{"title":"Review of climate change and drinking water supply systems: employee perspectives and potential tools for adaptation","authors":"Cynthia Compaore, I. Delpla, S. Behmel, Manuel J. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1139/er-2023-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1139/er-2023-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change (CC) causes extreme meteorological events such as floods, droughts, water scarcity, heat waves, wildfires and, extreme cold. CC may also damage public infrastructures such as drinking water systems (DWSs) and reduce water quality from source to tap. The objective of this review paper is to provide a critical analysis of (1) the impact of CC on the three components of the DWSs: source, treatment and distribution; (2) the perspectives of DWS employees on CC impacts and adaptation solutions for maintaining water quality; and (3) decision support systems (DSS) that could be used by DWS employees for CC adaptation. A bibliographic research was conducted using international databases and search engines. The search for scientific articles resulted in the selection of 5234 articles, 78 of which were analyzed in more detail for the elaboration of this scoping review. This review shows that the impacts of CC on water quality are significant, but DWS employees are not enthusiastic about developing adaption measures. This review also shows that DSSs can help DWS employees facilitate the CC adaptation process for the protection of source water, improve water treatment plant operations and enhance routine management of water quality in the distribution system. Further research is needed to identify strategies that might increase the awareness of and interest in climate change impacts, adaptation and the use of DSSs among DWS employees.","PeriodicalId":50514,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139262403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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