Päivi Kurki, E. Nurmi, Iina Haikarainen, R. Savikurki, J. Kaseva, K. Hakala, Elena Valkama
{"title":"碎树皮作为有机植物生产的新型土壤改良剂","authors":"Päivi Kurki, E. Nurmi, Iina Haikarainen, R. Savikurki, J. Kaseva, K. Hakala, Elena Valkama","doi":"10.4081/ija.2021.1781","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Due to the reduction of cattle farming, the Finnish agricultural sector currently needs solutions to replace animal manure with new sustainable alternatives. This problem is especially acute for organic farms, which need livestock manure to improve soil fertility and soil organic carbon (SOC) to sustain yield. On the other side, plywood manufacturers aim to find ways to reuse waste fractions such as sandy, wet spruce bark waste. To address both issues, a new soil conditioner was developed from crushed bark (CB) and approved for organic farming by the Finnish Food Authority. To test the advantages of CB in organic wheat production, we conducted a two-year field experiment on a farmer’s field in Mikkeli (Finland) on loamy sand with moderate soil fertility (C 3.5%, C/N ratio 17, pH 6.2). CB (organic matter 80%, C/N ratio 78, pH 5.7-6.0) at 40 t ha–1 was applied either in the first year of the experiment or in both years. In addition to CB, half the plots received base ash (4 t ha–1) obtained from a power plant using wood to maintain the optimal soil pH. All plots were fertilised annually with commercial organic fertilisers. The control plots received no CB or base ash. A one-year application of CB with base ash statistically significantly increased the grain yield by 800 kg ha–1 and grain N uptake by about 10 kg ha–1 in the following growing season compared with the control. In terms of grain yield quality, a one-year application of CB with or without base ash already showed an improvement of 1000 seed weight by 2 g in the first year, and the effect was even more pronounced in the second year of the experiment. Hectolitre weight was increased in the following year after application of CB with base ash. In contrast, a two-year application of CB either alone or with base ash caused no changes in grain yield, N uptake, or yield quality compared with the control. The results indicate that the use of spruce CB with a high C/N ratio as soil conditioner in a large amount may be beneficial in terms of yield and quality when it is applied only once, but not twice in successive years. Future studies need to focus on the long-term residual effects of CB on productivity, as well as soil parameters such as SOC, cation exchange capacity, and soil microbial activity. \nHighlights - Crushed bark (C/N ratio 78) - a side stream of plywood manufacture - was tested in a two-year organic field experiment. - A one-year (40 t ha–1) application of crushed bark with base ash increased yield and the quality of organic wheat. - Residual effects of a one-year application were pronounced. - Crushed bark application in two successive years provided no benefits for organic wheat production.","PeriodicalId":14618,"journal":{"name":"Italian Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"3","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Crushed bark as a novel soil conditioner for organic plant production\",\"authors\":\"Päivi Kurki, E. 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In contrast, a two-year application of CB either alone or with base ash caused no changes in grain yield, N uptake, or yield quality compared with the control. The results indicate that the use of spruce CB with a high C/N ratio as soil conditioner in a large amount may be beneficial in terms of yield and quality when it is applied only once, but not twice in successive years. 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引用次数: 3
摘要
由于养牛业的减少,芬兰农业部门目前需要用新的可持续替代品取代动物粪便的解决方案。这个问题对于有机农场来说尤其严重,因为有机农场需要牲畜粪便来提高土壤肥力和土壤有机碳(SOC)来维持产量。另一方面,胶合板制造商的目标是找到再利用废料的方法,如沙质、湿云杉树皮废料。为了解决这两个问题,一种新的土壤改良剂从碎树皮(CB)中开发出来,并被芬兰食品管理局批准用于有机农业。为了验证CB在有机小麦生产中的优势,我们在芬兰Mikkeli的一个农民田间进行了为期两年的田间试验,土壤肥力适中(C 3.5%, C/N比17,pH 6.2)。40 t hm - 1下施用CB(有机质80%,C/N比值78,pH 5.7 ~ 6.0),试验第一年施用或两年内均施用。除了炭黑之外,一半的地块还使用了从发电厂获得的碱灰(4吨公顷),这些电厂使用木材来保持最佳土壤ph。所有地块每年都使用商业有机肥施肥。对照地块不施用炭黑灰或碱灰。与对照相比,施用1年黑麦草碱灰可显著提高籽粒产量800 kg hm - 1,下一生长期籽粒吸氮量提高约10 kg hm - 1。在籽粒产量品质方面,施用1年加不加碱灰的黑炭黑,第一年就能提高1000粒重2克,试验第二年效果更加明显。加碱灰后次年百升重有所增加。相比之下,与对照相比,单独施用或与碱灰一起施用两年的炭黑对籽粒产量、氮素吸收或产量质量没有影响。结果表明,大量使用高碳氮比的云杉炭黑作为土壤调理剂,如果连续施用一次,而不是连续施用两次,对产量和品质都有好处。未来的研究需要关注CB对生产力的长期残留影响,以及土壤参数如有机碳、阳离子交换容量和土壤微生物活性。重点-碎树皮(C/N比为78)-胶合板制造的侧流-在为期两年的有机现场实验中进行了测试。-一年(40吨每公顷)施用碾碎树皮和基础灰,提高了有机小麦的产量和质量。-一年应用的残余效应明显。-连续两年施用碎皮对有机小麦生产没有任何好处。
Crushed bark as a novel soil conditioner for organic plant production
Due to the reduction of cattle farming, the Finnish agricultural sector currently needs solutions to replace animal manure with new sustainable alternatives. This problem is especially acute for organic farms, which need livestock manure to improve soil fertility and soil organic carbon (SOC) to sustain yield. On the other side, plywood manufacturers aim to find ways to reuse waste fractions such as sandy, wet spruce bark waste. To address both issues, a new soil conditioner was developed from crushed bark (CB) and approved for organic farming by the Finnish Food Authority. To test the advantages of CB in organic wheat production, we conducted a two-year field experiment on a farmer’s field in Mikkeli (Finland) on loamy sand with moderate soil fertility (C 3.5%, C/N ratio 17, pH 6.2). CB (organic matter 80%, C/N ratio 78, pH 5.7-6.0) at 40 t ha–1 was applied either in the first year of the experiment or in both years. In addition to CB, half the plots received base ash (4 t ha–1) obtained from a power plant using wood to maintain the optimal soil pH. All plots were fertilised annually with commercial organic fertilisers. The control plots received no CB or base ash. A one-year application of CB with base ash statistically significantly increased the grain yield by 800 kg ha–1 and grain N uptake by about 10 kg ha–1 in the following growing season compared with the control. In terms of grain yield quality, a one-year application of CB with or without base ash already showed an improvement of 1000 seed weight by 2 g in the first year, and the effect was even more pronounced in the second year of the experiment. Hectolitre weight was increased in the following year after application of CB with base ash. In contrast, a two-year application of CB either alone or with base ash caused no changes in grain yield, N uptake, or yield quality compared with the control. The results indicate that the use of spruce CB with a high C/N ratio as soil conditioner in a large amount may be beneficial in terms of yield and quality when it is applied only once, but not twice in successive years. Future studies need to focus on the long-term residual effects of CB on productivity, as well as soil parameters such as SOC, cation exchange capacity, and soil microbial activity.
Highlights - Crushed bark (C/N ratio 78) - a side stream of plywood manufacture - was tested in a two-year organic field experiment. - A one-year (40 t ha–1) application of crushed bark with base ash increased yield and the quality of organic wheat. - Residual effects of a one-year application were pronounced. - Crushed bark application in two successive years provided no benefits for organic wheat production.
期刊介绍:
The Italian Journal of Agronomy (IJA) is the official journal of the Italian Society for Agronomy. It publishes quarterly original articles and reviews reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to agronomy and crop science, with main emphasis on original articles from Italy and countries having similar agricultural conditions. The journal deals with all aspects of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, the interactions between cropping systems and sustainable development. Multidisciplinary articles that bridge agronomy with ecology, environmental and social sciences are also welcome.