阳离子+ 1,+ 2,+ 3和阴离子- 1的元素周期表。内部周期性和凯诺对称性表现的定量特征

IF 1.8 3区 化学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Foundations of Chemistry Pub Date : 2022-04-06 DOI:10.1007/s10698-022-09421-2
Naum S. Imyanitov
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引用次数: 2

摘要

本文描述了所有带+ 1、+ 2、+ 3电荷的元素的阳离子和带- 1电荷的阴离子的元素周期表的构造。阳离子+1的表与其他新建的表和已知的表有很大的不同,因为d和f块被插入到s块中,并将其分成两部分。重要的是,一种新型的3d和4f壳层收缩已经被发现。阴离子的二次周期性的表现与原子和阳离子的表现相反或不存在。对于凯奈对称阴离子,电离能降低,这与支持凯奈对称经典概念的理论假设和实验数据相矛盾。提出了定量描述内部周期性和凯诺对称性表现的简单公式。这些表现的变化规律取决于电荷和离子或原子在元素周期表中的位置。在第6周期,内部周期性的性质特征的分叉并不发生在通常的位置,即在元素周期表块(p3-p4)的中间,而是发生在更早的位置,伴随着电子构型p2-p3的转变。换句话说,从“早”元素到“晚”元素的过渡地点发生了变化。
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Periodic tables for cations + 1, + 2, + 3 and anions − 1. Quantitative characteristics for manifestations of internal periodicity and kainosymmetry

This paper describes the construction of the Periodic Tables for cations of all elements with charges + 1, + 2, + 3 and anions with charge − 1. The Table for cations+1 differs significantly from other newly constructed Tables and from known Tables, as the d- and f-blocks are inserted into s-block and split it up for two parts. Importantly, a new type of 3d- and 4f-shell contractions has been discovered. The manifestations of secondary periodicity in case of anions is absent or opposite to the manifestations observed for atoms and cations. For kainosymmetric anions, the ionization energies are lowered, which contradicts the theoretical assumptions and experimental data supporting the classical concept of kainosymmetry. Simple formulas are proposed for quantitative description of the manifestations of internal periodicity and kainosymmetry. The regularities of change in these manifestations depending on the charge and the position of ions or atoms in the Periodic Table are established. In the 6th period, the bifurcation in the properties characteristic of the internal periodicity does not occur at usual position, i.e. in the middle of the row from the block of the Periodic Table (p3–p4), but takes place earlier, along with the transition of the electronic configurations p2–p3. In other words, the place of transition from "early" to "late" elements changes.

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Foundations of Chemistry
Foundations of Chemistry HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE-
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22.20%
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期刊介绍: Foundations of Chemistry is an international journal which seeks to provide an interdisciplinary forum where chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, educators and sociologists with an interest in foundational issues can discuss conceptual and fundamental issues which relate to the `central science'' of chemistry. Such issues include the autonomous role of chemistry between physics and biology and the question of the reduction of chemistry to quantum mechanics. The journal will publish peer-reviewed academic articles on a wide range of subdisciplines, among others: chemical models, chemical language, metaphors, and theoretical terms; chemical evolution and artificial self-replication; industrial application, environmental concern, and the social and ethical aspects of chemistry''s professionalism; the nature of modeling and the role of instrumentation in chemistry; institutional studies and the nature of explanation in the chemical sciences; theoretical chemistry, molecular structure and chaos; the issue of realism; molecular biology, bio-inorganic chemistry; historical studies on ancient chemistry, medieval chemistry and alchemy; philosophical and historical articles; and material of a didactic nature relating to all topics in the chemical sciences. Foundations of Chemistry plans to feature special issues devoted to particular themes, and will contain book reviews and discussion notes. Audience: chemists, biochemists, philosophers, historians, chemical educators, sociologists, and other scientists with an interest in the foundational issues of science.
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