The Development of Marching Band Traditions at Historically Black Colleges and Universities: The Human Jukebox versus the Sonic Boom of the South

This study investigated the development of marching band traditions at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), as told through the rivalry between Southern University (SU) and Jackson State University (JSU). I interviewed directors from SU, including Lawrence Jackson, Nathan Haymer, and Kedric Taylor. Directors from JSU included Dowell Taylor, Lewis Liddell, and Lowell Hollinger. Paul Adams directed at both schools, David Ware is an HBCU bands researcher, and Julian White directed at Florida A&M University (FAMU). I found traditions established through the intense rivalry between SU and JSU. Interviewees agree that a desire to outplay and outperform the other band is a major factor. This study highlights similarities between HBCU bands and New Orleans-style “second line” brass bands, which were historically driven by a competitive edge. Narrations revealed combinations of happenstance and careful planning that birthed traditions such as the famed pre-game “zero quarter” and post-game “fifth quarter” rituals that are now commonplace at HBCU football games. Directors discussed how these traditions changed with improved video sharing. Fans now demand more music, more shock factor, and flawlessness. This competitive environment forged unique traditions which can inform modern music educators about the important and complex role of competition in performance.