17世纪俄罗斯的外国军事法和雇佣兵合同:斯摩棱斯克战争的背景,1632–1634

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 Q2 HISTORY RUSSIAN HISTORY-HISTOIRE RUSSE Pub Date : 2022-03-22 DOI:10.30965/18763316-12340029
Oleg Rusakovskiy
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文旨在探讨俄罗斯政府在1632年至1634年为斯摩棱斯克战役在德国和英国招募军队时,如何处理基于雇佣军合同的外国军事法。在与外国上校签订的协议中,沙皇的官员授予外国军事指挥官几乎无限的法律和行政自主权,以使在俄罗斯服役对西方雇佣军更有吸引力。在这样做的同时,俄罗斯政府认为,欧洲军事共同体之间存在统一的军事法以及有效的法院和行政系统。然而,文件中仍然没有具体说明一些基本的服役条件,这使俄罗斯军队指挥官失去了防止外国团内部冲突的任何法律途径,这最终导致了斯摩棱斯克战役结束时的行政灾难。文章分析了俄罗斯对外国军事法和雇佣军合同的态度,以及这可能对俄罗斯服役的欧洲雇佣军部队产生的影响。
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Foreign Military Law and Mercenary Contract in Seventeenth-Century Russia: The Сase of the Smolensk War, 1632–1634
The article aims to discuss how the Russian government dealt with foreign military law based on mercenary contracts while recruiting troops in Germany and Britain for the Smolensk campaign of 1632 to 1634. In the agreements made with foreign colonels that survive in contemporary Russian translations, the Tsar’s officials granted an almost unlimited legal and administrative autonomy to foreign military commanders in order to make service in Russia more attractive for Western mercenaries. While doing so, the Russian government believed that a unified military law and an effective court and administration system existed among the European military communities. However, some essential terms of military service remained unspecified in the documentation, depriving the Russian army commanders of any legal recourse to prevent conflicts within foreign regiments, which ultimately contributed to an administrative disaster at the end of the Smolensk campaign. The article analyzes both the Russian attitudes towards foreign military law and mercenary contracts and how this might have affected European mercenary units in Russian service.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
50.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Russian History’s mission is the publication of original articles on the history of Russia through the centuries, in the assumption that all past experiences are inter-related. Russian History seeks to discover, analyze, and understand the most interesting experiences and relationships and elucidate their causes and consequences. Contributors to the journal take their stand from different perspectives: intellectual, economic and military history, domestic, social and class relations, relations with non-Russian peoples, nutrition and health, all possible events that had an influence on Russia. Russian History is the international platform for the presentation of such findings.
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