《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》与印度制药业

IF 0.4 Q4 ECONOMICS Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI:10.1177/0260107919875573
Atsuko Kamiike
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引用次数: 9

摘要

世界贸易组织(WTO)的《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》(TRIPS协定)呼吁协调所有WTO成员国的知识产权法规。《TRIPS协定》要求世贸组织所有成员国采用并执行知识产权的最低标准。人们认为,药品专利的引入将阻碍印度制药行业的发展。然而,与预期相反,印度制药行业在《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》后时期一直在增长。TRIPS协议改变了印度制药公司的研发方向,这些公司增加了研发投资。自《TRIPS协定》签署以来,制药全球价值链(GVC)已经重新构建,现在已经扩展到印度等新兴国家。因此,印度制药公司一直在参与后TRIPS时期的制药全球价值链。这种参与有利于技术升级和技术转让。在全球价值链中运营的同时,印度制药公司正在通过采用最先进的技术进行升级。本研究探讨了《TRIPS协定》如何影响印度制药行业,并在全球价值链框架内讨论了后TRIPS时期印度制药行业的增长因素。JEL:L21、L24、L26、L65
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The TRIPS Agreement and the Pharmaceutical Industry in India
The World Trade Organization’s (WTO’s) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) calls for the harmonization of intellectual property rights (IPRs) regulations across all WTO member countries. The TRIPS Agreement requires all WTO member countries to adopt and enforce minimum standards of intellectual property. It was assumed that the introduction of pharmaceutical product patents would hamper the Indian pharmaceutical industry’s growth. Contrary to expectations, however, the Indian pharmaceutical industry has been growing in the post-TRIPS period. The TRIPS Agreement changed the research and development (R&D) orientation of Indian pharmaceutical companies, which have increased their R&D investments. Since the TRIPS Agreement was signed, the pharmaceutical global value chain (GVC) has been re-structured and has now expanded to emerging countries like India. Indian pharmaceutical firms have thus been participating in the pharmaceutical GVC in the post-TRIPS period. This participation is conducive to technological upgrading and technology transfers. While operating in the GVC, Indian pharmaceutical firms are upgrading by adopting state-of-the-art technologies. This study explores how the TRIPS Agreement is influencing the Indian pharmaceutical industry and discusses the industry’s growth factors in the post-TRIPS period within the GVC framework. JEL: L21, L24, L26, L65
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
14
期刊介绍: The explosion of information and research that has taken place in recent years has had a profound effect upon a variety of existing academic disciplines giving rise to the dissolution of barriers between some, mergers between others, and the creation of entirely new fields of enquiry.
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