Commemorative Architecture, Periclean Athens and the Polish Revolution of 1791: Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier’s Parthenon-Inspired Temple for Warsaw

Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier’s design for the Temple of Providence in Warsaw, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s capital, is the earliest known evidence of European fascination with the Parthenon as a model for modern commemorative architecture. However, it was this proposal’s specific political context which makes it especially interesting from the perspective of classical reception studies. It was an artistic reaction of an aristocratic philhellene to the destructive tendencies of the French Revolution on the eve of the Bourbon monarchy’s abolition. The choice of the Parthenon was expressive of Choiseul-Gouffier’s admiration for the idealized heritage of ancient aristocratic republicanism and its alleged relevance to the political culture of the modern ‘republic’ of Poland-Lithuania.