Gabriela Orosco Werlang , Tatiana Regina Vieira , Marisa Cardoso , Eduardo de Freitas Costa
{"title":"应用预测微生物模型估计沙门氏菌行为在整个生产过程中的环境条件下,巴西小型制造商的香肠","authors":"Gabriela Orosco Werlang , Tatiana Regina Vieira , Marisa Cardoso , Eduardo de Freitas Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.mran.2021.100177","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The microbiological quality of fermented products such as salami are highly dependent on the interaction of environmental conditions during its fabrication. These effects may be predicted by mathematical modeling, and this approach has been adopted in several occasions. The aim of this study was to validate the Gamma concept model to predict <em>Salmonella</em> behavior during salami manufacturing in environmental conditions found in small scale Brazilian manufacturer. Furthermore, we simulated the growth and inactivation of <em>Salmonella</em> in salami considering a Brazilian scenario of contamination level of pork. Salami pieces were elaborated with a cocktail of five strains of <em>Salmonella</em> and subjected to maturation. For the fitted model construction, temperatures of 30°C during fermentation and 20°C during drying were used; while 25°C (fermentation) and 18°C (drying) were used in the validation study. Water activity (a<sub>w</sub>) and pH were analyzed and <em>Salmonella</em> enumerated during maturation for fitting the curves. <em>Salmonella</em> isolates recovered at the end of the maturation were subjected to macrorestriction profiling (PFGE). The parameters obtained in the fitted Gamma concept model (μ<sub>opt</sub>, δ1, δ2, α) were used to predict the bacteria behaviour in the validation study. During the maturation, <em>Salmonella</em> concentration decreased from 7.086 to 3.368 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g (after 941 horas), and from 7.751 to 2.749 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g (after 1121.5 horas) in the fitted model and validation study, respectively. The a<sub>w</sub> was determinant for starting the microbial inactivation in the fitted model. Strains belonging to all PFGE-profiles inoculated in the salami pieces were detected in the end of the maturation. Regarding the simulation in a Brazilian scenario of pork contamination, the model predicted, in the upper 95% confidence interval, zero log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g of <em>Salmonella</em> after 670 h of maturation. The results indicate that the Gamma concept model provide a robust alternative to predict the concentration of <em>Salmonella</em> in salami considering the characteristics of production adopted in small industries in Brazil. The model predicted that in a scenario of higher environmental temperatures (30°C fermentation/ 20°C drying) <em>Salmonella</em> absence can be achieved after 15 days.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48593,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Risk Analysis","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mran.2021.100177","citationCount":"5","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Application of a predictive microbiological model for estimation of Salmonella behavior throughout the manufacturing process of salami in environmental conditions of small-scale Brazilian manufacturers\",\"authors\":\"Gabriela Orosco Werlang , Tatiana Regina Vieira , Marisa Cardoso , Eduardo de Freitas Costa\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.mran.2021.100177\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The microbiological quality of fermented products such as salami are highly dependent on the interaction of environmental conditions during its fabrication. These effects may be predicted by mathematical modeling, and this approach has been adopted in several occasions. The aim of this study was to validate the Gamma concept model to predict <em>Salmonella</em> behavior during salami manufacturing in environmental conditions found in small scale Brazilian manufacturer. Furthermore, we simulated the growth and inactivation of <em>Salmonella</em> in salami considering a Brazilian scenario of contamination level of pork. Salami pieces were elaborated with a cocktail of five strains of <em>Salmonella</em> and subjected to maturation. For the fitted model construction, temperatures of 30°C during fermentation and 20°C during drying were used; while 25°C (fermentation) and 18°C (drying) were used in the validation study. Water activity (a<sub>w</sub>) and pH were analyzed and <em>Salmonella</em> enumerated during maturation for fitting the curves. <em>Salmonella</em> isolates recovered at the end of the maturation were subjected to macrorestriction profiling (PFGE). The parameters obtained in the fitted Gamma concept model (μ<sub>opt</sub>, δ1, δ2, α) were used to predict the bacteria behaviour in the validation study. During the maturation, <em>Salmonella</em> concentration decreased from 7.086 to 3.368 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g (after 941 horas), and from 7.751 to 2.749 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g (after 1121.5 horas) in the fitted model and validation study, respectively. The a<sub>w</sub> was determinant for starting the microbial inactivation in the fitted model. Strains belonging to all PFGE-profiles inoculated in the salami pieces were detected in the end of the maturation. Regarding the simulation in a Brazilian scenario of pork contamination, the model predicted, in the upper 95% confidence interval, zero log<sub>10</sub> cfu/g of <em>Salmonella</em> after 670 h of maturation. The results indicate that the Gamma concept model provide a robust alternative to predict the concentration of <em>Salmonella</em> in salami considering the characteristics of production adopted in small industries in Brazil. The model predicted that in a scenario of higher environmental temperatures (30°C fermentation/ 20°C drying) <em>Salmonella</em> absence can be achieved after 15 days.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48593,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Microbial Risk Analysis\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2021-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mran.2021.100177\",\"citationCount\":\"5\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Microbial Risk Analysis\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352221000190\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microbial Risk Analysis","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352352221000190","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Application of a predictive microbiological model for estimation of Salmonella behavior throughout the manufacturing process of salami in environmental conditions of small-scale Brazilian manufacturers
The microbiological quality of fermented products such as salami are highly dependent on the interaction of environmental conditions during its fabrication. These effects may be predicted by mathematical modeling, and this approach has been adopted in several occasions. The aim of this study was to validate the Gamma concept model to predict Salmonella behavior during salami manufacturing in environmental conditions found in small scale Brazilian manufacturer. Furthermore, we simulated the growth and inactivation of Salmonella in salami considering a Brazilian scenario of contamination level of pork. Salami pieces were elaborated with a cocktail of five strains of Salmonella and subjected to maturation. For the fitted model construction, temperatures of 30°C during fermentation and 20°C during drying were used; while 25°C (fermentation) and 18°C (drying) were used in the validation study. Water activity (aw) and pH were analyzed and Salmonella enumerated during maturation for fitting the curves. Salmonella isolates recovered at the end of the maturation were subjected to macrorestriction profiling (PFGE). The parameters obtained in the fitted Gamma concept model (μopt, δ1, δ2, α) were used to predict the bacteria behaviour in the validation study. During the maturation, Salmonella concentration decreased from 7.086 to 3.368 log10 cfu/g (after 941 horas), and from 7.751 to 2.749 log10 cfu/g (after 1121.5 horas) in the fitted model and validation study, respectively. The aw was determinant for starting the microbial inactivation in the fitted model. Strains belonging to all PFGE-profiles inoculated in the salami pieces were detected in the end of the maturation. Regarding the simulation in a Brazilian scenario of pork contamination, the model predicted, in the upper 95% confidence interval, zero log10 cfu/g of Salmonella after 670 h of maturation. The results indicate that the Gamma concept model provide a robust alternative to predict the concentration of Salmonella in salami considering the characteristics of production adopted in small industries in Brazil. The model predicted that in a scenario of higher environmental temperatures (30°C fermentation/ 20°C drying) Salmonella absence can be achieved after 15 days.
期刊介绍:
The journal Microbial Risk Analysis accepts articles dealing with the study of risk analysis applied to microbial hazards. Manuscripts should at least cover any of the components of risk assessment (risk characterization, exposure assessment, etc.), risk management and/or risk communication in any microbiology field (clinical, environmental, food, veterinary, etc.). This journal also accepts article dealing with predictive microbiology, quantitative microbial ecology, mathematical modeling, risk studies applied to microbial ecology, quantitative microbiology for epidemiological studies, statistical methods applied to microbiology, and laws and regulatory policies aimed at lessening the risk of microbial hazards. Work focusing on risk studies of viruses, parasites, microbial toxins, antimicrobial resistant organisms, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and recombinant DNA products are also acceptable.