Risk and countermeasure of laboratory-acquired infection based on pathogen transmission routes

Laboratory-acquired infection (LAI) is an important issue in laboratory biosafety for pathogenic microorganism, which aims to prevent the spread of infectious pathogens and protect laboratory personnel from potentially harmful microorganisms. Previous LAI reports provided a source of information for understanding the transmission routes and therapies helping to develop targeted prevention and response programs and to comprehensively ensure the biosafety of laboratories. In this study, from the perspective of the transmission routes of agents, the biosafety risks were discussed from four aspects: skin, eye, or mucous membrane exposure, contaminated sharp inoculation or bites from infected animals and arthropod vectors, ingestion or hand-to-mouth exposure, and inhalation of infectious aerosols. The development and evolution of LAI were reviewed, and appropriate countermeasures and suggestions were proposed accordingly.