Biosafety and Health最新文献

The urban infection susceptibility index and its application in cities of China 中国城市感染易感指数及其在城市中的应用。

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.11.002

Wei Yan , Jianping Huang , Xinbo Lian , Han Li , Shuoyuan Gao , Shujuan Hu

Infectious diseases pose a serious threat to human health and social safety. In order to better respond to large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases in the context of climate change, it is essential to identify potential high-risk areas in cities. However, there is currently a lack of a standardized metric or indicator for quantifying the potential risk of urban infectious diseases. The main objective of this study is to construct an urban infection susceptibility index (UISI) to identify and quantify susceptibility risk, thereby providing insights for constraining and prevent future epidemics. The UISI considers both human activities (population density, closeness index, betweenness index, life service, functional synthesis indicator, hospital accessibility) and climate-related factors (temperature, particulate matter 2.5, wind speed, humidity), and is specifically designed to analyze potential high-risk areas of urban epidemics across cities worldwide. The index integrates a wide range of factors based on the criteria importance obtained through the intercriteria correlation method, producing fine-scale susceptibility maps at the urban grid level. We apply the UISI to the coronavirus disease 2019 risk assessment in Lanzhou and Shanghai, which has been well verified. This UISI is both easy and effective to calculate across various cities, providing a scientific basis for rapid policy-making and implementation to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Furthermore, we predict the UISI trends across different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP), specifically SSP5-8.5 and SSP2-4.5, which demonstrate an increasing trend from 2025 to 2100.

传染病对人类健康和社会安全构成严重威胁。为了更好地应对气候变化背景下传染病的大规模暴发，必须确定城市中潜在的高风险地区。然而，目前缺乏一种标准化的度量或指标来量化城市传染病的潜在风险。本研究的主要目的是构建城市感染易感性指数（UISI），以识别和量化城市感染易感性风险，从而为控制和预防未来的流行病提供见解。UISI考虑了人类活动（人口密度、亲密指数、中间指数、生活服务、功能综合指标、医院可达性）和气候相关因素（温度、颗粒物2.5、风速、湿度），并专门用于分析全球城市流行病的潜在高风险地区。该指数基于通过标准间相关法获得的标准重要性，综合了广泛的因素，生成了城市网格级的精细尺度敏感性图。我们将usi应用到兰州和上海的2019冠状病毒病风险评估中，并得到了很好的验证。在不同城市间简便有效地计算这种综合指标，为快速决策和实施预防传染病传播提供科学依据。此外，我们预测了不同共享社会经济路径（SSP）上的usi趋势，特别是SSP5-8.5和SSP2-4.5，从2025年到2100年呈现增加趋势。

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引用次数: 0

A semi-mechanistic modeling strategy for infectious diseases forecasting: Error correction and probabilistic prediction 传染病预测的半机械建模策略：误差修正与概率预测。

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.002

Zihan Hao , Jiaxuan Hu , Shujuan Hu , Zhen Zhang , Donghuai Jia , Jianping Huang

Global climate change and technological advancements have intensified the threats of pandemics, while complex transmission dynamics challenge infectious disease forecasting. Traditional compartmental models struggle to fully capture both the dynamic transmission processes and their associated uncertainties. Here, we develop a novel hybrid methodology that integrates dynamic modeling with statistical approaches, establishing a semi-mechanistic model for error correction and probabilistic prediction. Our error analysis of the dynamic model reveals that frequent population mobility compromises the accuracy of dynamic predictions and that meteorological conditions further modulate forecast performance by regulating human movement patterns. To capture these effects, we implement a quantile regression long short-term memory (QRLSTM) network to estimate prediction errors of the epidemic dynamic model based on mobility and environmental data. This hybrid approach corrects dynamic prediction errors and generates probabilistic forecasts. Validation using multi-state the United States (U.S.) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak data shows that our framework reduces dynamic prediction errors by over 50 %. Compared with pure deep learning approaches, the semi-mechanistic model significantly enhances long-term prediction performance and interpretability. By integrating mechanistic modeling with data-driven learning, the proposed approach improves the predictive accuracy and reliability of models in real-world outbreaks, thereby delivering more effective decision support for public health interventions.

全球气候变化和技术进步加剧了流行病的威胁，而复杂的传播动态对传染病预测提出了挑战。传统的隔室模型难以完全捕捉动态传输过程及其相关的不确定性。在这里，我们开发了一种新的混合方法，将动态建模与统计方法相结合，建立了一个半机制的误差修正和概率预测模型。我们对动态模型的误差分析表明，频繁的人口流动损害了动态预测的准确性，而气象条件通过调节人类的运动模式进一步调节了预测的效果。为了捕捉这些影响，我们实现了一个分位数回归长短期记忆（QRLSTM）网络来估计基于流动性和环境数据的流行病动态模型的预测误差。这种混合方法修正了动态预测误差并生成了概率预测。使用多州2019年美国冠状病毒病（COVID-19）爆发数据进行的验证表明，我们的框架将动态预测误差降低了50%以上。与纯深度学习方法相比，半机制模型显著提高了长期预测性能和可解释性。通过将机制建模与数据驱动学习相结合，所提出的方法提高了模型在实际疫情中的预测准确性和可靠性，从而为公共卫生干预措施提供更有效的决策支持。

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引用次数: 0

SFTS exerts an underrecognized disease burden and socioeconomic effect in East Asia SFTS在东亚造成的疾病负担和社会经济影响尚未得到充分认识。

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.006

Wen Zheng , Fang Zhong , Weixue Wang , Hengcong Liu , Yu Peng , Michael J. Carr , Zhihang Peng , Weifeng Shi

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne virus that poses a growing public health concern, especially in East Asia. However, its global distribution, disease burden, and economic impact remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, we have systematically reviewed literature databases, GenBank, and official reports to provide a comprehensive overview of global SFTSV detections. Seropositive or nucleic acid-positive individuals have been reported not only in East Asia, but also in Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Pakistan, and Kenya. In addition, SFTSV has been identified in ten animal orders and in both ticks and other arthropod vectors. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) have shown an increasing trend across East Asia. China recorded the highest absolute DALYs, exceeding those of other neglected tropical diseases, such as dengue fever. The average cost per SFTS case was substantial, exceeding 75 % of the annual per capita disposable income in China, and 41.38 % and 23.52 % in Japan and South Korea, respectively. These findings highlight the expanding distribution of SFTSV and its significant per-case disease and economic burden in East Asia.

发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒（SFTSV）是一种新出现的蜱传病毒，尤其在东亚日益引起公共卫生关注。然而，其全球分布、疾病负担和经济影响的特征仍不充分。在本研究中，我们系统地回顾了文献数据库、GenBank和官方报告，以提供全球SFTSV检测的全面概述。不仅在东亚，在泰国、缅甸、越南、巴基斯坦和肯尼亚也有血清阳性或核酸阳性个体的报告。此外，SFTSV已在10个动物目以及蜱和其他节肢动物媒介中被发现。发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）的发病率、死亡率和残疾调整生命年（DALYs）在东亚地区呈上升趋势。中国的伤残调整生命年绝对值最高，超过了登革热等其他被忽视的热带病。每个SFTS病例的平均费用很高，在中国超过了年人均可支配收入的75%，在日本和韩国分别超过了41.38%和23.52%。这些发现强调了SFTSV在东亚的不断扩大分布及其显著的每例疾病和经济负担。

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引用次数: 0

China’s malaria elimination: One Health lessons for vector-borne disease governance 中国消除疟疾：媒介传播疾病治理的一个健康教训。

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.004

Jianying Liu , Yang Liu , Gong Cheng

China’s certification as malaria-free by the World Health Organization in 2021 marked the achievement of seven decades of adaptive surveillance, evolving strategies, and community engagement. The British Medical Journal series led by Qiyong Liu and colleagues provides comprehensive documentation of this process through regional case studies in Hainan Province, the Huai River Basin, and Yunnan Province, as well as national strategies and larval management priorities. This perspective interprets those findings within a One Health governance framework, emphasizing how China’s success demonstrates the value of integrated surveillance, regional cooperation, ecological intervention, and technological innovation. Together, these four pillars outline a pathway for sustainable vector control governance and future prevention of vector-borne diseases in an era of ecological disruption and climate change.

中国于2021年被世界卫生组织认证为无疟疾国家，标志着70年来在适应性监测、不断发展的战略和社区参与方面取得的成就。由刘启勇及其同事领导的《英国医学杂志》系列通过对海南省、淮河流域和云南省的区域案例研究，以及国家战略和幼虫管理重点，提供了这一过程的全面记录。这一观点在“一个健康”治理框架内解释了这些发现，强调中国的成功如何证明了综合监测、区域合作、生态干预和技术创新的价值。这四大支柱共同勾勒出在生态破坏和气候变化时代实现可持续病媒控制治理和未来预防病媒传播疾病的途径。

引用次数: 0

Containment of antimicrobial resistance for strengthening global public health security: Biorisk management perspectives 遏制抗菌素耐药性以加强全球公共卫生安全：生物风险管理观点。

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.005

Md Asadulghani , Natasha K. Griffith , William Arndt

Antimicrobials have been hugely successful in improving health outcomes. However, its positive impact is threatened by worldwide increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Use, misuse and overuse are the drivers of AMR. Antimicrobials are used in healthcare, poultry farming and agriculture, horticulture, food production and feed additives, growth promoters, and in aquaculture. Other major drivers are poor infection control, environmental contamination, and geographical movement. AMR is a global public health concern. Without mitigation and remedial actions, estimated mortality attributed to AMR could rise to 10 million globally by 2050. AMR is a natural phenomenon. The use of antimicrobials creates a reservoir of resistance that exists within the ecosystem. AMR is a One Health concern. To contain AMR, a collaborative effort of all the relevant sectors, working locally, nationally, and globally, is the way to attain optimal One Health. Poor biorisk management measures in healthcare, poultry farms, agriculture and aquaculture, can lead to introduction and spread of infections and AMR. Wastewater is the reservoir of pathogens capable of transmitting infections, and at the same time, releasing antimicrobial, AMR genes into the environment, contaminating the entire biosphere. Although injudicious use of antimicrobials is mostly blamed for the failure of containment, improper waste management, likely plays a greater role, superseding the crisis, created by other means. AMR originates in, and passes vertically and horizontally through, microorganisms, among the ecosystems. Thus, the implementation of required biorisk management measures will ensure the protection from unintentional release of pathogens; protect the animals and the humans from zoonosis and reverse zoonosis; protect the environment and the entire biosphere from the spread of contaminants; protect the biological agent itself from loss, theft, misuse, diversion, or intentional release. Together with implemented biorisk management measures globally, judicious use of antimicrobials may lead to the total containment of AMR, strengthening global public health security.

抗微生物药物在改善健康结果方面取得了巨大成功。然而，其积极影响正受到世界范围内抗菌素耐药性（AMR）增加的威胁。使用、误用和过度使用是抗生素耐药性的驱动因素。抗菌剂用于医疗保健、家禽养殖和农业、园艺、食品生产和饲料添加剂、生长促进剂以及水产养殖。其他主要驱动因素是感染控制不力、环境污染和地理迁移。抗生素耐药性是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。如果不采取缓解和补救行动，到2050年，全球因抗菌素耐药性造成的估计死亡人数可能上升至1000万人。抗菌素耐药性是一种自然现象。抗菌素的使用在生态系统中形成了一个存在的耐药性库。抗菌素耐药性是一个健康问题。要遏制抗微生物药物耐药性，需要所有相关部门在地方、国家和全球范围内通力合作，才能实现最佳的“同一个健康”。卫生保健、家禽养殖场、农业和水产养殖业中不良的生物风险管理措施可能导致感染和抗生素耐药性的引入和传播。废水是能够传播感染的病原体的储存库，同时向环境中释放抗菌素和抗菌素耐药性基因，污染整个生物圈。虽然不明智地使用抗菌素主要被归咎于控制失败，但不当的废物管理可能起着更大的作用，取代了由其他手段造成的危机。抗菌素耐药性起源于生态系统中的微生物，并在垂直和水平方向上通过微生物传播。因此，实施所需的生物风险管理措施将确保防止病原体的无意释放；保护动物和人类免受人畜共患病并逆转人畜共患病；保护环境和整个生物圈免受污染物的扩散；保护生物制剂本身免遭丢失、盗窃、误用、转移或故意释放。与全球实施的生物风险管理措施一起，明智地使用抗微生物药物可能导致抗生素耐药性的全面控制，从而加强全球公共卫生安全。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging knowledge graphs and large language models for integrating molecular variants and clinical insights in COVID-19 research 利用知识图谱和大型语言模型，在COVID-19研究中整合分子变异和临床见解。

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.003

Jiaxin Yang , Fushuai Zhang , Ruifang Cao , Yingying Chen , Yiping Chen , Yuxin Chen , Yixue Li , Guoping Zhao , Ying Wang , Yunchao Ling , Guoqing Zhang

The relentless emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continues to challenge global health, as high mutation rates and complex pathogenicity obscure molecular mechanisms and impede clinical progress. Despite extensive research across viral evolution, structural biology, immunology, diagnostics, and therapeutics, the resulting vast and rapidly outdated literature has widened the gap between fundamental discovery and medical application. Here, we systematically mined 439,724 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) publications using fine-tuned large language models to extract and distill knowledge across nine domains: antibodies, vaccines, serology, biochemistry, therapeutics, clinical presentation, risk factors, biomarkers, and diagnostics. These insights were integrated into a unified graph of 1,427,596 triples (CoVAR-KG). Covering 90 % of known spike-protein variant sites, our knowledge graph forges molecular-to-clinical links that reveal how specific mutations influence antigenicity, transmissibility, and treatment response. By resolving data fragmentation, this resource accelerates target identification and streamlines hypothesis generation. Building on CoVAR-KG, we developed COVID-19 variant risk watcher (CVRW), an early-warning framework that quantifies the threat of emerging variants for real-time surveillance. Coupling the graph with retrieval-augmented GPT-4o enables rapid and in-depth comparisons of variant functionality and immune escape potential. These integrative tools furnish timely insights for vaccine design, therapeutic optimization, and pandemic preparedness, establishing a versatile platform for combating current and future viral threats.

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）变体的不断出现继续挑战全球健康，因为高突变率和复杂的致病性模糊了分子机制并阻碍了临床进展。尽管在病毒进化、结构生物学、免疫学、诊断学和治疗学方面进行了广泛的研究，但由此产生的大量迅速过时的文献扩大了基础发现与医学应用之间的差距。在这里，我们系统地挖掘了439,724篇2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的出版物，使用微调的大型语言模型，提取和提炼了九个领域的知识：抗体、疫苗、血清学、生物化学、治疗学、临床表现、风险因素、生物标志物和诊断。这些见解被整合到一个包含1,427,596个三元组（CoVAR-KG）的统一图中。我们的知识图谱覆盖了90%的已知刺突蛋白变异位点，建立了分子到临床的联系，揭示了特定突变如何影响抗原性、传播性和治疗反应。通过解决数据碎片，该资源加速了目标识别并简化了假设生成。在CoVAR-KG的基础上，我们开发了COVID-19变体风险监测仪（CVRW），这是一个量化新变体威胁的预警框架，用于实时监测。将该图与检索增强gpt - 40相结合，可以快速深入地比较变体功能和免疫逃逸潜力。这些综合工具为疫苗设计、治疗优化和大流行防范提供了及时的见解，为应对当前和未来的病毒威胁建立了一个多功能平台。

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引用次数: 0

Seroepidemiological study of pertussis in Henan Province, China, and prediction of the effectiveness of a new immunization strategy 河南省百日咳血清流行病学研究及新免疫策略的有效性预测

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.12.001

Yuting Tang , Qian Liu , Jiangnan Kong , Daxing Feng , Qiaohua Dou , Yonghao Guo

The study objectives were to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Henan Province, China, and to evaluate the impact of pertussis vaccination strategy adjustments on population infection rates. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the reported pertussis cases in Henan Province from 2012 to 2024. The concentration of IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin (anti-PT IgG) was measured in 18,528 healthy individuals from 2022 to 2024. The positive rate (≥20 IU/mL) and median concentration (MC) were calculated, and the infection rate was estimated based on anti-PT IgG ≥ 40 IU/mL, using the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered-vaccinated (SEIRV) model to predict the effect of adding a pertussis booster dose at 6 years. The average annual incidence of pertussis in Henan Province from 2012 to 2024 was 2.21 per 100,000 population. The overall anti-PT IgG positivity rate was 16.42 %, and the MC was 4.66 IU/mL. The antibody concentration is influenced by age, gender, and vaccine type. The population that completed the full course of vaccination had the highest anti-PT IgG positive rate (17.81 %) and the highest MC (4.97 IU/mL). The population that vaccinated the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio vaccine-haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV/ Hib) had the highest MC (14.83 IU/mL). The total estimated infection rate of pertussis was 7,833.45 per 100,000, peaking in the 6-year age group (10,809.72 per 100,000). When the estimated coverage rate of the pertussis booster vaccination reaches 83.21 %, the infection rate could be decreased by 71.41 %. The incidence of pertussis in Henan Province has increased, and the infection rate is higher than anticipated. Booster immunization at age six can significantly lower the risk of infection.

本研究旨在分析河南省百日咳流行病学特征，评价百日咳疫苗接种策略调整对人群感染率的影响。对河南省2012 - 2024年报告百日咳病例进行回顾性分析。测定了2022 ~ 2024年18528例健康人百日咳毒素IgG抗体（抗pt IgG）浓度。计算阳性率（≥20 IU/mL）和中位浓度（MC），以抗- pt IgG≥40 IU/mL为基础估计感染率，采用易感暴露-感染恢复-疫苗接种（SEIRV）模型预测6年时添加百日咳加强剂的效果。2012 - 2024年河南省百日咳年平均发病率为2.21 / 10万人。抗pt IgG总阳性率为16.42%，MC为4.66 IU/mL。抗体浓度受年龄、性别和疫苗类型的影响。完成疫苗接种全程的人群抗pt IgG阳性率最高（17.81%），MC最高（4.97 IU/mL）。接种白喉-破伤风-无细胞百日咳-脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗- b型流感嗜血杆菌（DTaP-IPV/ Hib）的人群MC最高（14.83 IU/mL）。估计百日咳总感染率为7833.45 / 10万，在6岁年龄组达到高峰（10809.72 / 10万）。当估计百日咳加强疫苗接种率达到83.21%时，感染率可降低71.41%。河南省百日咳发病率有所上升，感染率高于预期。6岁时加强免疫接种可显著降低感染风险。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of adjuvants on a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine: Protective efficacy and recall antibody response following homologous challenge 佐剂对重组SARS-CoV-2刺突疫苗的影响：同源攻击后的保护效果和召回抗体反应

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.11.004

Dawei Wang , Zhendong Pan , Liangliang Jiang , Haoran Peng , Yanhua He , Yangang Liu , Xu Zheng , Cuiling Ding , Wanda Tang , Congcong Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhang , Jianqing Xu , Zhongtian Qi , Ping Zhao

Immune imprinting, or original antigenic sin, challenges the control of evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). How the quantity and quality of pre-existing immunity modulate the recall antibody response upon re-exposure remains poorly understood. We immunized hamsters with a recombinant ancestral spike protein (S-2P) formulated with one of four distinct adjuvants to assess the impact of adjuvant-induced immunity on protective efficacy. Furthermore, we analyzed the modulatory effect of the adjuvant on the potency, breadth, and evolution of antibody responses after homologous viral challenge. We found that vaccination with Montanide ISA720-adjuvanted S-2P (S-2P:ISA720) not only induced higher initial neutralizing antibody titers and conferred stronger protection but also established a pre-existing immune state capable of cross-neutralizing the antigenically distant Omicron BA.1 variant. In contrast, aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted S-2P (S-2P:Al) elicited comparatively lower neutralizing titers and showed no cross-neutralization against BA.1. Following viral challenge, the S-2P:ISA720 group exhibited significant affinity maturation toward conserved epitopes, which markedly enhanced cross-neutralization against BA.1 without increasing neutralizing titers or affinity against the homologous strain or the antigenically related Delta variant. Conversely, the S-2P:Al group mounted a narrow, imprinting-facilitated response, characterized by boosting of strain-specific antibodies without substantial improvement in BA.1 neutralization. These findings suggest that in S-2P:ISA720-immunized animals, high-affinity antibodies mediate epitope masking of immunodominant sites, thereby redirecting responses toward subdominant conserved epitopes with cross-neutralizing potential. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that adjuvants can critically guide recall immune responses toward breadth and affinity maturation, offering a rational strategy for developing next-generation vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other variable pathogens.

免疫印迹，或原始抗原原原性，对进化中的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 （SARS-CoV-2）的控制提出了挑战。预先存在的免疫的数量和质量如何调节再次暴露后的召回抗体反应仍然知之甚少。我们用四种不同佐剂中的一种配制的重组祖先刺突蛋白（S-2P）免疫仓鼠，以评估佐剂诱导免疫对保护效果的影响。此外，我们分析了佐剂对同源病毒攻击后抗体反应的效力、广度和进化的调节作用。我们发现接种Montanide ISA720佐剂S-2P （S-2P:ISA720）不仅诱导更高的初始中和抗体滴度，并提供更强的保护，而且还建立了一种预先存在的免疫状态，能够交叉中和抗原远端Omicron BA.1变体。相比之下，氢氧化铝佐剂S-2P （S-2P:Al）的中和效价相对较低，对BA.1没有交叉中和作用。在病毒攻击后，S-2P:ISA720组对保守的表位表现出明显的亲和力成熟，这显著增强了对BA.1的交叉中和，而不增加对同源菌株或抗原性相关的Delta变体的中和滴度或亲和力。相反，S-2P:Al组表现出狭窄的、印迹促进的反应，其特征是菌株特异性抗体的增强，而BA.1中和没有实质性的改善。这些发现表明，在S-2P: isa720免疫的动物中，高亲和力抗体介导免疫优势位点的表位掩蔽，从而将应答重定向到具有交叉中和电位的亚优势保守表位。总之，我们的研究表明佐剂可以关键地引导回忆免疫反应走向广度和亲和力成熟，为开发针对SARS-CoV-2和其他可变病原体的下一代疫苗提供合理的策略。

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引用次数: 0

SEC11A identified as a critical host factor for HMPV through virus-induced alternative splicing SEC11A通过病毒诱导的选择性剪接被鉴定为HMPV的关键宿主因子。

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2026.01.001

Yiman Huang , Jiayin Guo , Shiyuan Zheng , Aijun Chen , Lihong Yao , Ke Zhang , Lishu Zheng

Alternative splicing (AS) significantly increases the diversity of the eukaryotic proteome, and alterations in AS induced by viruses have emerged as a novel approach to studying virus-host interactions. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) interacts with host cells through multiple mechanisms, directly or indirectly utilising various host systems to facilitate infection and replication. In this study, the BEAS-2B human normal lung epithelial cell line was used as the cell model for HMPV infection. The host gene alternative splicing events following HMPV infection were then characterised using RNA sequencing. Selected alternative splicing events were confirmed and the associated genes evaluated for their effect on HMPV replication in knockout cell lines. HMPV replication was found to be greatly reduced in cells lacking the SEC11A gene, suggesting that the SEC11A gene is a critical host factor for HMPV infection. Notably, the SEC11A splicing pattern was not altered during infection with other respiratory viruses. In summary, this study reveals that SEC11A, which encodes the core catalytic subunit of the signal peptidase complex (SPC), is an essential host factor for HMPV infection. We observed a specific exon-skipping event in its mRNA precursor that occurs within the regulatory region upstream of the coding sequence. This atypical splicing site suggests that the virus may regulate SEC11A expression by interfering with the host splicing machinery. These findings provide new insights into HMPV pathogenesis and lay the groundwork for further exploration of HMPV-host interactions and the development of potential host-directed antiviral therapies.

选择性剪接（AS）显著增加了真核生物蛋白质组的多样性，病毒诱导的AS改变已成为研究病毒与宿主相互作用的一种新方法。人偏肺病毒（HMPV）通过多种机制与宿主细胞相互作用，直接或间接利用各种宿主系统促进感染和复制。本研究以BEAS-2B人正常肺上皮细胞系作为HMPV感染的细胞模型。HMPV感染后的宿主基因选择性剪接事件随后使用RNA测序进行表征。确认了选择性剪接事件，并评估了相关基因对敲除细胞系中HMPV复制的影响。研究发现，在缺乏SEC11A基因的细胞中，HMPV的复制大大减少，这表明SEC11A基因是HMPV感染的关键宿主因子。值得注意的是，在感染其他呼吸道病毒时，SEC11A剪接模式没有改变。综上所述，本研究表明编码信号肽酶复合物（SPC）核心催化亚基的SEC11A是HMPV感染的重要宿主因子。我们在其mRNA前体中观察到一个特定的外显子跳跃事件，该事件发生在编码序列上游的调控区域内。这个非典型剪接位点表明病毒可能通过干扰宿主剪接机制来调节SEC11A的表达。这些发现为HMPV的发病机制提供了新的见解，并为进一步探索HMPV-宿主相互作用和开发潜在的宿主靶向抗病毒治疗奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Advances and perspectives for animal models of chikungunya virus infection 基孔肯雅病毒感染动物模型的研究进展与展望

IF 3 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Biosafety and Health

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2025.09.008

Meng Zou, Zhihui Zheng, Wei Wang, Hongqi Liu

With the global warming, the expansion of transportation networks, a tremendous increase in international travel and exchange, and the ongoing evolution of viruses, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread beyond its African origins and achieved global distribution, posing a significant threat to public health worldwide. Under such circumstances, animal models serve as indispensable tools for elucidating CHIKV pathogenesis and developing antiviral strategies. The currently established animal models of CHIKV infection can recapitulate various aspects of the clinical disease at different levels of complexity. However, each model possesses distinct advantages and limitations, rendering them suitable for rather specific research applications. Furthermore, the clinical realities of CHIKV infection in patients with comorbidities or coinfections with other viruses, coupled with emerging initiatives to reduce animal model reliance, present substantial challenges for the future development and application of these models. This review summarizes the natural history and susceptible host of CHIKV, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis and animal model development, and prospects for animal models of CHIKV infection. The aim is to provide a reference for the selection, utilization, and development of appropriate animal models for CHIKV research.

随着全球变暖、交通网络的扩大、国际旅行和交流的大量增加以及病毒的不断演变，基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）已超越其非洲起源传播并实现全球分布，对全世界的公共卫生构成重大威胁。在这种情况下，动物模型是阐明CHIKV发病机制和制定抗病毒策略不可或缺的工具。目前建立的CHIKV感染动物模型可以在不同复杂程度上概括该临床疾病的各个方面。然而，每种模型都有其独特的优点和局限性，使得它们适合于相当特定的研究应用。此外，伴有合并症或与其他病毒共感染的患者感染CHIKV的临床现实，加上减少对动物模型依赖的新举措，为这些模型的未来开发和应用提出了重大挑战。本文综述了CHIKV的自然历史、易感宿主、发病机制和动物模型的研究进展，并展望了CHIKV感染动物模型的发展前景。旨在为选择、利用和开发适宜的CHIKV动物模型提供参考。

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