Evolution of the concept of force in modern nanoscience: The perspectives of the experiential learning in research and teaching programs

Modern society requires to efficiently identify the new trends in sustainable development and their implications in future science, research and education. One of the major challenges in nanotechnology is the education and training of a new generation of skilled workers, that request the improvement of student understanding of the concept of force within the more broad scenery of modern nanoscience. The recent advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology evidences the powerful methods of supramolecular approaches in modern nanoscience, which are based on the complex combinations of different forces acting both at the molecular and supramolecular levels. These forces represent the driving interactions for the efficient assembly of building blocks, and for the development of highly functional materials and devices with novel properties. Herein, a review of the evolution of the concept of force in connection with modern aspect of nanotechnology is presented. A special focus is devoted to the development of modern approaches taken from the academic research programs, that allows a fruitful understanding of the myriad of scientific discoveries that have characterized these last years. In this respect, the experiential learning method can be properly designed and delivered, with particular respect to the use of bio- and nanotechnology, and in ways that help the learners to efficiently develop the knowledge and skills needed in the modern age.