《共和、世俗主义与安全:法国与布卡和尼卡布》专著综述。2020年,2022年。66便士。

D. T. Karamanukyan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2010年10月11日,法国成为第一个在公共场所禁止全脸的伊斯兰面纱——布卡和尼卡布的欧洲国家。在法国成为这一领域的“先驱”之后,与美国和俄罗斯相比,其他几个欧洲国家已经通过了禁止面纱的法案,并在更多的国家进行了讨论。这些行为和政治辩论产生了大量的研究论文——主要是律师学者关于法律问题的批判性分析,我相信还会产生更多。它们主要侧重于宗教和文化自由权、性别平等权的不同方面。然而,Raphael Cohen-Almagor教授的专著《共和国、世俗主义与安全:法国与Burqa和Niqab》的新颖之处在于,他对面纱禁令问题采用了一种非标准的方法——他使用不同的方法工具,不仅调查了禁令的法律核心,而且(主要是)激励法国立法者的因素,它象征着什么。由于在法国和几乎所有欧洲国家一样,尼卡布和布卡的佩戴者极其罕见,人们可能会同意,这肯定不是一个真正的社会问题,需要由政府来管理。这种实际重要性与法国立法努力之间的差异促使Cohen-Almagor教授仔细研究公共行政部门对宗教面纱如此感兴趣的原因。研究使用了各种科学方法:一般科学(分析、综合、建模、抽象等)、实证(观察、统计)、具体法律(比较法律、价值论、社会学、解释学)、历史(历时、表意)。丰富的实践经验,对监管材料和实施实践方面的全面、系统的了解,使作者能够分析面纱在法国追求国家认同建设中的象征性和工具性作用。
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Review of the Monograph: Cohen-Almagor R. The Republic, Secularism and Security: France versus the Burqa and the Niqab. Cham: Springer, 2022. 66 p.
On October 11, 2010, France became the first European country to ban the full-face Islamic veil – the burqa and niqab, in public places. After France becoming a “pioneer” in this area, by contrast to the United Stated and Russia, facial veil prohibition acts have been adopted in several other European countries and discussed in even more. These acts and political debates have generated a colossal number of research papers – mostly on legal issues by lawyer-scholars, critical analyses and, I’m sure, will produce many more. They have mainly focused on different aspects of the right to religious and cultural freedom, the right to gender equality. However, the novelty of Professor Raphael Cohen-Almagor’s monograph “The Republic, Secularism and Security: France versus the Burqa and the Niqab” lies in a non-standard approach to the veil-ban issue – he investigates using different methodological instruments not only the legal core the ban, but also (and mostly) the factors motivating the French legislator, what it symbolizes. Since the niqab and burqa wearers are extremely rare in France, as in almost all European Countries, one may agree that there surely isn’t an actual social problem, needing to be regulated by the government. Such disproportional This difference between practical importance and French legislative effort have urged Professor Cohen-Almagor to dwell on the reasons of such a high interest by the public administration to the religious facial veil. The study was carried out using various scientific methods: general scientific (analysis, synthesis, modeling, abstraction, etc.), empirical (observation, statistics), specifically legal (comparative legal, axiological, sociological, hermeneutics), historical (diachronic, ideographic). Huge practical experience, thorough, systemic knowledge of the regulatory material and practical aspects of its implementation allow the Author to analyze the symbolic and instrumental role of the facial veil in France’s pursuit for national identity building.
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