癌症过继细胞治疗的临床前小鼠模型

IF 0.3 4区 农林科学 Q4 VETERINARY SCIENCES Slovenian Veterinary Research Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI:10.26873/svr-1513-2022
U. Rajčevič, Anže Smole
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引用次数: 0

摘要

基于工程T细胞的疗法是使用基因修饰T细胞进行癌症免疫治疗的先进方法。迄今为止,CD19和BCMA靶向嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞已被批准用于治疗某些血液系统恶性肿瘤。CAR-T细胞的成功被有限的有效性(尤其是在实体瘤中)和安全风险所抵消。临床前体内研究高度依赖于可靠的小鼠模型,是过继细胞疗法成功的基石,并继续为下一代细胞免疫疗法的开发提供宝贵的信息。在这篇综述中,我们描述了四种最常见的临床前小鼠模型:异种移植模型、协同模型、免疫活性转基因模型和人源化小鼠模型。所有这些都有优点和缺点,由于固有的差异和治疗的复杂性,没有一个小鼠模型能够完全再现人类的情况。报告表明,在临床试验中将治疗转化为人类之前,在临床前体内研究中使用小鼠模型的组合可以帮助逐步提高治疗的质量、安全性和有效性,并提供比单一模型更全面的信息。摘要:以生物技术修饰T淋巴细胞为基础的先进疗法代表了使用基因修饰T淋巴细胞进行癌症免疫治疗的现代方法。迄今为止,针对CD19和BCMA抗原的嵌合抗原受体疗法已被批准用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤。然而,CAR-T细胞治疗的成功受到疗效有限的阻碍,尤其是在实体瘤和安全风险方面。非临床体内研究在很大程度上依赖于可靠的小鼠模型,是过继细胞疗法成功的关键因素,仍然为下一代细胞免疫疗法的开发提供了宝贵的数据。综述了四种最常见的临床前小鼠模型:异种移植物模型、单体模型、免疫活性转基因模型和人源化小鼠模型。所描述的所有模型都有其优点和缺点,由于物种间的差异和治疗的极端复杂性,没有一个小鼠模型能够完美地描绘人类患者的情况。文献数据表明,在临床试验中将治疗转化为人类之前,在临床前体内研究中使用小鼠模型的组合可能有助于治疗质量、安全性和疗效的逐步提高,并提供比单一模型更全面的数据集。关键词:鼠标模型;异种移植物;单一成因;转基因;人性化;CAR-T;过继细胞疗法
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PRECLINICAL MOUSE MODELS IN ADOPTIVE CELL THERAPIES OF CANCER
Engineered T cell-based therapies are an advanced approach for cancer immunotherapy using genetically modified T cells. To date, CD19 and BCMA targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. The success of CAR-T cells is offset by limited efficacy, particularly in solid tumors, and safety risks. Preclinical in vivo research, which is highly dependent on reliable mouse models, has been a cornerstone of the success story of adoptive cell therapies and continues to provide invaluable information for the development of the next generation of cellular immunotherapies. In this review we describe four of the most common preclinical mouse models: Xenograft models, syngeneic models, immunocompetent transgenic models and humanized mouse models. All of these have advantages and disadvantages and no mouse model can fully recapitulate the human situation because of inherent differences and treatment complexity. Reports suggest that using a combination of mouse models in preclinical in vivo research prior to translating the treatment to humans in clinical trials can help incrementally improve the quality, safety, and efficacy of the treatment and provide more comprehensive information than a single model.   PREDKLINIČNI MIŠJI MODELI PRI ADOPTIVNIH CELIČNIH TERAPIJAH RAKA Povzetek: Napredne terapije na osnovi biotehnološko spremenjenih limfocitov T predstavljajo moderen pristop k imunoterapiji raka z uporabo genetsko spremenjenih limfocitov T. Do danes sta bili za zdravljenje hematoloških malignosti odobreni terapiji s himernimi antigenskimi receptorji usmerjenimi proti antigenoma CD19 in BCMA. Uspeh zdravljenja s celicami CAR-T pa ovirajo omejena učinkovitost, še posebej pri solidnih tumorjih in varnostna tveganja. Predklinične raziskave in vivo, ki so močno odvisne od zanesljivih mišjih modelov, so bile kritični dejavnik zgodbe o uspehu adoptivnih celičnih terapij in še vedno zagotavljajo neprecenljive podatke za razvoj naslednje generacije celičnih imunoterapij. V preglednem članku povzemamo štiri najpogostejše predklinične mišje modele: ksenografte, singenetske modele, imunokompetentne transgenske modele in humanizirane mišje modele. Vsi opisani modeli imajo svoje prednosti in slabosti in noben mišji model ne more do popolnosti preslikati situacije v človeškem pacientu zaradi med-vrstnih razlik ter izjemne zapletenosti zdravljenja. Podatki iz literature kažejo na to, da lahko uporaba kombinacije mišjih modelov v predkliničnih in vivo raziskavah pred translacijo zdravljenja na ljudi v kliničnih poskusih pripomore k postopnemu izboljšanju kakovosti, varnosti in učinkovitosti zdravljenja in zagotovi bolj celostni nabor podatkov kot en sam model. Ključne besede: mišji model; ksenograft; singenetski; transgenski; humanizirani; CAR-T; adoptivna celična terapija
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来源期刊
Slovenian Veterinary Research
Slovenian Veterinary Research VETERINARY SCIENCES-
CiteScore
0.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
12
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH (ISSN 1580-4003) publishes original articles, which report the results of original research in most areas of biomedicine. The journal also publishes review articles dealing with rapidly developing areas of biomedicine or which update understanding of classical fields of biomedicine, as well as case reports, shorter scientific contributions, letters to the editor, etc.; which have not been published or are under consideration for publication elsewhere. Only papers written in English can be considered.
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