This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for discoveries that enabled the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19. mRNA is a transient molecule in the cell that conveys the instructions for synthesis of a protein from the nucleus, where instructions are stored as a genetic code in the DNA, to the cell’s protein making machinery (ribosomes) in the cytoplasm. It took several decades of research to uncover how mRNA could be used to deliver an antigen into cells and trigger the body’s own immune response. NOBELOVA NAGRADA 2023 ZA FIZIOLOGIJO ALI MEDICINO: POT DO NASLEDNJEGA RODU CEPIV Letošnja Nobelova nagrada za fiziologijo ali medicino je bila podeljena Katalin Karikó in Drewu Weissmanu za odkritja, ki so omogočila razvoj cepiv proti COVID-19 na osnovi sporočilne RNA (mRNA). mRNA je prehodna molekula v celici, ki posreduje navodila za sintezo proteinov iz jedra, kjer so navodila shranjena kot genetski kod v DNA, celičnemu sistemu za izdelovanje proteinov (ribosomov) v citoplazmi. Potrebnih je bilo več desetletij raziskav, da bi odkrili, kako uporabiti mRNA za prenos antigenov celicam in začetek telesu lastnega imunskega odziva. Ključne besede: Nobelova nagrada; mRNA cepiva; genska terapija
{"title":"A 2023 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE: PATHWAY FOR NEXT GENERATION OF VACCINES","authors":"Klementina Fon Tacer, U. Rajčevič","doi":"10.26873/svr-1879-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1879-2023","url":null,"abstract":"This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for discoveries that enabled the development of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19. mRNA is a transient molecule in the cell that conveys the instructions for synthesis of a protein from the nucleus, where instructions are stored as a genetic code in the DNA, to the cell’s protein making machinery (ribosomes) in the cytoplasm. It took several decades of research to uncover how mRNA could be used to deliver an antigen into cells and trigger the body’s own immune response. NOBELOVA NAGRADA 2023 ZA FIZIOLOGIJO ALI MEDICINO: POT DO NASLEDNJEGA RODU CEPIV Letošnja Nobelova nagrada za fiziologijo ali medicino je bila podeljena Katalin Karikó in Drewu Weissmanu za odkritja, ki so omogočila razvoj cepiv proti COVID-19 na osnovi sporočilne RNA (mRNA). mRNA je prehodna molekula v celici, ki posreduje navodila za sintezo proteinov iz jedra, kjer so navodila shranjena kot genetski kod v DNA, celičnemu sistemu za izdelovanje proteinov (ribosomov) v citoplazmi. Potrebnih je bilo več desetletij raziskav, da bi odkrili, kako uporabiti mRNA za prenos antigenov celicam in začetek telesu lastnega imunskega odziva. Ključne besede: Nobelova nagrada; mRNA cepiva; genska terapija","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"230 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139333944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This issue’s cover illustration depicting the Alpine ibex against the backdrop of iconic Slovenia's Triglav mountain is inspired by the manuscript by Bužan et al. and serves as a poignant reminder of a lost legacy and biodiversity due to greed and overhunting. These magnificent creatures thrived entire European Alpine region before their extermination in the 19th century, with the only surviving wild population of Alpine ibex in the Gran Paradiso National Park (then a royal hunting reserve) in Italy. Reintroduction initiatives from this small population have since rebounded ibex to tens of thousands across the Alpine region. However, as the article on the Slovenian population of Alpine ibex by Bužan et al. in this issue clearly shows, while current numbers seem more promising, the genetic bottleneck they experienced from this near-extinction event has left lasting impacts on their genetic diversity. REŠEVANJE ALPSKEGA KOZOROGA: GENETSKI IN ZDRAVSTVENI PROBLEMI SLOVENSKIH KOZOROGOV S ŠIRŠIMI POSLEDICAMI ZA BIODIVERZITETO Ilustracija na naslovnici te številke, ki prikazuje alpskega kozoroga pred ikonično Triglavsko goro Slovenije, je navdihnjena po članku Bužan s sod., objavljenem v tej številki, in služi kot opomin izgubljeni dediščini in biodiverziteti zaradi pohlepa in prekomernega lova. Te veličastne živali so uspevale v celotni evropski Alpski regiji, preden so bile iztrebljene v 19. stoletju, z edino preživelo divjo populacijo v Narodnem parku Gran Paradiso (takrat kraljevi lovski rezervat) v Italiji. Ponovne naselitve iz te majhne populacije so od takrat od danes dvignile število kozorogov na deset tisoče v celotni Alpski regiji. Vendar, kot članek o slovenski populaciji alpskih kozorogov avtorice Bužan s sod. jasno kaže, čeprav se trenutna številka zdi obetavna, pa je genetsko ozko grlo, nastalo zaradi prekomernega lova, pustilo trajne posledice na njihovi genetski raznolikosti.
这期的封面插图描绘了阿尔卑斯山野山羊在斯洛文尼亚标志性的特里格拉夫山的背景下，灵感来自Bužan等人的手稿，并作为一个尖锐的提醒，由于贪婪和过度狩猎而失去了遗产和生物多样性。在19世纪灭绝之前，这些宏伟的生物在整个欧洲阿尔卑斯地区繁衍生息，意大利大天堂国家公园(当时是皇家狩猎保护区)是唯一幸存的阿尔卑斯野山羊野生种群。从那以后，这个小种群的重新引入计划已经在阿尔卑斯地区反弹到数万只。然而，正如Bužan等人在本期关于阿尔卑斯野山羊斯洛文尼亚种群的文章清楚地表明，尽管目前的数量似乎更有希望，但它们在这次濒临灭绝事件中经历的遗传瓶颈对其遗传多样性留下了持久的影响。REŠEVANJE ALPSKEGA KOZOROGA: GENETSKI IN ZDRAVSTVENI PROBLEMI SLOVENSKIH kozorogv S ŠIRŠIMI POSLEDICAMI ZA BIODIVERZITETO Ilustracija na naslovnici i številke, ki prilekazuje ALPSKEGA KOZOROGA pred ikoni， no Triglavsko goro Slovenije, je navdihnjena po lanku Bužan S sod。， objavljenem v tej številki, in služi kot opomin izgubljeni dediščini in biodiverzziteti zaradi pohlepa in prekomernega lova。veliastne živali so uspevale v celotni evropski Alpski regiji, preden so bile iztrebljene v 19。stoletju, z edino preživelo divjo populacijo v . Narodnem parku Gran paradis (takrat kraljevi lovski rezervat) v .意大利Ponovne naselitve是最受欢迎的人，所以他是丹麦人，他是丹麦人，他是瑞典人，他是瑞典人，他是瑞典人，他是瑞典人。文达尔，kot 拉内克，斯洛文尼亚populaciji alpskih kozorogov avtorice Bužan s sod。Jasno kaže, ekprav se trenutna številka zdi obetavna, pa je genetsko ozko grlo, nastalo zaradi prekomernega lova, pustilo trajne posledice na njihovi genetski raznolikosti。
{"title":"REVIVING THE ALPINE IBEX: ADDRESSING GENETIC AND HEALTH CONCERNS OF SLOVENIAN IBEX WITH BROADER IMPLICATIONS IN BIODIVERSITY","authors":"Simon Horvat","doi":"10.26873/svr-1872-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1872-2023","url":null,"abstract":"This issue’s cover illustration depicting the Alpine ibex against the backdrop of iconic Slovenia's Triglav mountain is inspired by the manuscript by Bužan et al. and serves as a poignant reminder of a lost legacy and biodiversity due to greed and overhunting. These magnificent creatures thrived entire European Alpine region before their extermination in the 19th century, with the only surviving wild population of Alpine ibex in the Gran Paradiso National Park (then a royal hunting reserve) in Italy. Reintroduction initiatives from this small population have since rebounded ibex to tens of thousands across the Alpine region. However, as the article on the Slovenian population of Alpine ibex by Bužan et al. in this issue clearly shows, while current numbers seem more promising, the genetic bottleneck they experienced from this near-extinction event has left lasting impacts on their genetic diversity. REŠEVANJE ALPSKEGA KOZOROGA: GENETSKI IN ZDRAVSTVENI PROBLEMI SLOVENSKIH KOZOROGOV S ŠIRŠIMI POSLEDICAMI ZA BIODIVERZITETO Ilustracija na naslovnici te številke, ki prikazuje alpskega kozoroga pred ikonično Triglavsko goro Slovenije, je navdihnjena po članku Bužan s sod., objavljenem v tej številki, in služi kot opomin izgubljeni dediščini in biodiverziteti zaradi pohlepa in prekomernega lova. Te veličastne živali so uspevale v celotni evropski Alpski regiji, preden so bile iztrebljene v 19. stoletju, z edino preživelo divjo populacijo v Narodnem parku Gran Paradiso (takrat kraljevi lovski rezervat) v Italiji. Ponovne naselitve iz te majhne populacije so od takrat od danes dvignile število kozorogov na deset tisoče v celotni Alpski regiji. Vendar, kot članek o slovenski populaciji alpskih kozorogov avtorice Bužan s sod. jasno kaže, čeprav se trenutna številka zdi obetavna, pa je genetsko ozko grlo, nastalo zaradi prekomernega lova, pustilo trajne posledice na njihovi genetski raznolikosti.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135126936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena Bužan, Luka Duniš, Aja Bončina, Simon Horvat, Neža Pogorevc, Alice Brambilla, Johann Sölkner, Pamela Burger, Ivica Medugorac, None Boštjan Pokorny
In Europe, the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) was on the brink of extinction in the 19th century. Therefore, different conservation measures were implemented, and several reintroductions were made in the Alpine arc, starting from the only surviving population in Gran Paradiso, Italy. An extreme historical bottleneck and additional reintroductions have strongly shaped the genetic make-up of recent populations, resulting in significant genetic drift and profound inbreeding across the species range. To support science-based conservation actions, molecular methods have been increasingly used. However, such analyses did not include populations in Slovenia. We analysed neutral loci (partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b, mtDNA) and the adaptive major histocompatibility complex (MHC DRB exon 2) of the Alpine ibex from both Slovenian populations (Julian and Kamnik-Savinja Alps) to understand how past reintroductions and recent management have affected the genetic diversity of the species. Results showed that both populations are genetically severely depleted, carrying only one mtDNA haplotype and one functional allele for MHC DRB exon 2, Caib-DRB*01. This calls for further conservation actions, including the reintroduction of individuals with different genetic background. However, the Alpine ibex is currently considered a non-native species in Slovenia, which makes conservation actions extremely difficult and threatens the long-term survival of the species. Therefore, scientists and population managers are urging policy/decision makers to change the status of the species to the native one and consequently to allow reintroductions. These appeals are supported by previous archaeological data on the existence of bones assigned to Alpine ibex in the Julian Alps, and evidence of severe genetic depletion in current ibex populations confirmed in this study. PRVI VPOGLED V GENETSKO RAZNOLIKOST ALPSKEGA KOZOROGA (Capra ibex) V SLOVENIJI Izvleček: V Evropi je bil alpski kozorog (Capra ibex) v 19. stoletju na robu izumrtja. Izvajali so se različni ukrepi za njegovo ohranjanje. V alpskem loku je bilo izvedenih več ponovnih naselitev, najprej z edino ohranjeno populacijo v kraju Gran Paradiso v Italiji. Izredna okrnjenost vrste v preteklosti in dodatne ponovne naselitve so močno vplivale na genetsko sestavo populacije, kar je povzročilo znaten genetski zdrs in parjenje v sorodstvu na celotnem območju vrste. V podporo znanstveno utemeljenim ukrepom ohranjanja se vse pogosteje uporabljajo molekularne metode, vendar takšne analize niso vključevale populacij v Sloveniji. Da bi razumeli, kako je ponovno naseljevanje in nedavno upravljanje vplivalo na genetsko raznolikost vrste, smo analizirali nevtralne lokuse (delni fragment mitohondrijskega citokroma b, mtDNA) in adaptivni poglavitni histokompatibilnostni kompleks (MHC DRB ekson 2) alpskega kozoroga iz obeh slovenskih populacij (Julijske in Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe). Rezultati so pokazali, da sta obe populaciji genets
在欧洲，高山野山羊(Capra ibex)在19世纪濒临灭绝。因此，采取了不同的保护措施，从意大利格兰帕拉迪索唯一幸存的种群开始，在阿尔卑斯弧线进行了多次重新引入。极端的历史瓶颈和额外的重新引入强烈地塑造了最近种群的遗传构成，导致了重大的遗传漂变和物种范围内的深度近亲繁殖。为了支持基于科学的保护行动，分子方法被越来越多地使用。然而，这些分析没有包括斯洛文尼亚的人口。我们分析了中性位点(线粒体细胞色素b的部分片段，mtDNA)和适应性主要组织相容性复合体(MHC DRB外显子2)，以了解过去的重新引入和最近的管理如何影响该物种的遗传多样性。结果表明，这两个群体的遗传严重枯竭，只携带一个mtDNA单倍型和一个MHC DRB外显子2的功能等位基因Caib-DRB*01。这需要采取进一步的保护行动，包括重新引入具有不同遗传背景的个体。然而，阿尔卑斯野山羊目前被认为是斯洛文尼亚的非本地物种，这使得保护行动极其困难，并威胁到该物种的长期生存。因此，科学家和人口管理人员正在敦促政策/决策者将该物种的地位改为本地物种，从而允许重新引入。这些呼吁得到了先前的考古数据的支持，这些数据表明，朱利安阿尔卑斯山脉存在阿尔卑斯野山羊的骨骼，并且在这项研究中证实了目前野山羊种群严重遗传枯竭的证据。PRVI V GENETSKO RAZNOLIKOST ALPSKEGA KOZOROGA (Capra ibex) V斯洛文尼亚izvleek: V Evropi je bil alpski kozorog (Capra ibex) V 19。偷东西，偷东西，偷东西。Izvajali so se razli ni ukrepi za njegovo ohranjanje。V alpskem loku我bilo izvedenih večponovnih naselitev, najprej z edino ohranjeno populacijo V kraju V Italiji大天堂山。Izredna okrnjenost vrste v preteklosti in dodatne ponovne naselitve so mojenje vplivale na genetsko sestavo populacije, kar je povzro znaten genetski zdrs in parjenje v sorodstvu na celotnem momo vrste。V podporo znanstveno utemeljenim ukrepom ohranjanja se vse pogosteje uporabljajo分子方法，vendar takšne分析niso vklju评价流行于斯洛文尼亚。Da bi razumeli, kako je ponovno naseljevanje in nedavno upravljanje vplivalo genetsko raznolikovist vrste, smo analizirali netralne lokuse (delni fragment mitohondrijskega citokroma b, mtDNA) in adaptivni poglavitni histokompatibilnosnni kompleks (MHC DRB ekson 2) alpskega kozoroga iz of slovenskih populacij (Julijske in Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe)。[2]刘建军，刘建军，刘建军，等。中华人民共和国流行基因研究进展[j] .中华人民共和国MHC -DRB研究[j] .北京:北京大学，2011。Zato so potrebni nadaljnji ukrebii za ohranjanje, vkljuno s ponovno naselitvijo živali z drugs ganim genetskim ozadjem。Vendar alpski kozorog v Sloveniji trenutno velja za tujerodno vrsto, kar zelo otežuje ukrepe za njegovo ohranitev在ogroža dolgoro no preživetje vrste。Znanstveniki in upravljavci populacij zato pozivajo politike/ odloloevalce, naj spremenijo status vrste v avtohtono in posledialno omogo ijo ponovno naselitev。Ti pozivi so podpri s predhodnimi arheološkimi podatki o obstoju kosti alpskega kozoroga v Julijskih Alpah in z dokazi o izraziti genetski osiromašenosti sedanjih populacij kozoroga, potrjenimi v tej študiji。klju9 nebeede: Capra ibex;mitohondrijska DNA;MHC DRB外显子2;ponovna naselitev;upravljanje
{"title":"FIRST INSIGHT INTO GENETIC DIVERSITY OF ALPINE IBEX (Capra ibex) IN SLOVENIA","authors":"Elena Bužan, Luka Duniš, Aja Bončina, Simon Horvat, Neža Pogorevc, Alice Brambilla, Johann Sölkner, Pamela Burger, Ivica Medugorac, None Boštjan Pokorny","doi":"10.26873/svr-1788-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1788-2023","url":null,"abstract":"In Europe, the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) was on the brink of extinction in the 19th century. Therefore, different conservation measures were implemented, and several reintroductions were made in the Alpine arc, starting from the only surviving population in Gran Paradiso, Italy. An extreme historical bottleneck and additional reintroductions have strongly shaped the genetic make-up of recent populations, resulting in significant genetic drift and profound inbreeding across the species range. To support science-based conservation actions, molecular methods have been increasingly used. However, such analyses did not include populations in Slovenia. We analysed neutral loci (partial fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome b, mtDNA) and the adaptive major histocompatibility complex (MHC DRB exon 2) of the Alpine ibex from both Slovenian populations (Julian and Kamnik-Savinja Alps) to understand how past reintroductions and recent management have affected the genetic diversity of the species. Results showed that both populations are genetically severely depleted, carrying only one mtDNA haplotype and one functional allele for MHC DRB exon 2, Caib-DRB*01. This calls for further conservation actions, including the reintroduction of individuals with different genetic background. However, the Alpine ibex is currently considered a non-native species in Slovenia, which makes conservation actions extremely difficult and threatens the long-term survival of the species. Therefore, scientists and population managers are urging policy/decision makers to change the status of the species to the native one and consequently to allow reintroductions. These appeals are supported by previous archaeological data on the existence of bones assigned to Alpine ibex in the Julian Alps, and evidence of severe genetic depletion in current ibex populations confirmed in this study. PRVI VPOGLED V GENETSKO RAZNOLIKOST ALPSKEGA KOZOROGA (Capra ibex) V SLOVENIJI Izvleček: V Evropi je bil alpski kozorog (Capra ibex) v 19. stoletju na robu izumrtja. Izvajali so se različni ukrepi za njegovo ohranjanje. V alpskem loku je bilo izvedenih več ponovnih naselitev, najprej z edino ohranjeno populacijo v kraju Gran Paradiso v Italiji. Izredna okrnjenost vrste v preteklosti in dodatne ponovne naselitve so močno vplivale na genetsko sestavo populacije, kar je povzročilo znaten genetski zdrs in parjenje v sorodstvu na celotnem območju vrste. V podporo znanstveno utemeljenim ukrepom ohranjanja se vse pogosteje uporabljajo molekularne metode, vendar takšne analize niso vključevale populacij v Sloveniji. Da bi razumeli, kako je ponovno naseljevanje in nedavno upravljanje vplivalo na genetsko raznolikost vrste, smo analizirali nevtralne lokuse (delni fragment mitohondrijskega citokroma b, mtDNA) in adaptivni poglavitni histokompatibilnostni kompleks (MHC DRB ekson 2) alpskega kozoroga iz obeh slovenskih populacij (Julijske in Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe). Rezultati so pokazali, da sta obe populaciji genets","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135487253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, conventional teaching methods are losing their effectiveness at transferring knowledge and skills, prompting the presentation of alternative strategies that hold more promise. One of the innovative alternative education materials in veterinary anatomy education is the models produced on three-dimensional (3D) printers. The subject of this study is 4 different bone biomodels 3D modeled and printed with reference to cadaver-derived bones. In the study, a total of 298 students were asked to evaluate these biomodels in terms of their similarity to the reference bones. According to the survey, 75.5% of the students stated that their biomodel resembled the reference bones. In addition, 64.8% of these students stated that the use of biomodels can be efficient in learning the skeletal system. These outcomes showed that a sample from each of the 4 main bone types could be replicated on a 3D printer with an acceptable similarity ratio. Based on student opinions about these four different biomodels, we think that 3d printed biomodels deserve to be evaluated as an alternative in anatomy education. VPOGLED V MNENJE ŠTUDENTOV VETERINE O UPORABI 3D-TISKANIH BIOLOŠKIH MODELOV KOSTI PRI UČENJU ANATOMIJE Izvleček: Danes običajne metode poučevanja izgubljajo svojo učinkovitost pri prenosu znanja in spretnosti, zato bi bilo potrebno spodbujati alternativne, bolj obetavne strategije. Eno od inovativnih alternativnih učnih gradiv pri pouku veterinarske anatomije so modeli, izdelani na tridimenzionalnih (3D) tiskalnikih. Predmet te študije so štirje različni biološki modeli kosti, pripravljeni s 3D modeliranjem in tiskanjem, osnovani na kosteh, pridobljenih iz trupel. V študiji je bilo skupaj 298 študentov naprošenih, da ocenijo te biološke modele glede na njihovo podobnost s pravimi kostmi. 75,5 % študentov je navedlo, da je njihov biološki model podoben referenčnim kostem. Poleg tega je 64,8 % teh študentov izjavilo, da je uporaba bioloških modelov lahko učinkovita pri učenju skeletnega sistema. Ti rezultati so pokazali, da je mogoče vsakega od 4 glavnih tipov kosti kopirati na 3D-tiskalniku s sprejemljivim razmerjem podobnosti. Na podlagi mnenj študentov o teh štirih različnih bioloških modelih menimo, da bi 3D-tiskani biološki modeli lahko bili vrednoteni kot alternativni pripomoček pri izobraževalnem procesu anatomije. Ključne besede: poučevanje anatomije v veterini; 3D tiskanje; biološki model kosti; perspektiva študentov
如今，传统的教学方法在传授知识和技能方面正在失去其有效性，这促使人们提出更有前景的替代策略。 在兽医解剖学教育中，三维（3D）打印机制作的模型是创新的替代教材之一。本研究的主题是参照尸体骨骼三维建模和打印 4 种不同的骨骼生物模型。在这项研究中，共有 298 名学生被要求评价这些生物模型与参考骨骼的相似度。调查显示，75.5% 的学生表示他们的生物模型与参考骨骼相似。此外，64.8%的学生表示使用生物模型可以有效地学习骨骼系统。这些结果表明，4 种主要骨骼类型中的每一种骨骼样本都可以在 3D 打印机上复制，且相似度可以接受。根据学生对这四种不同生物模型的意见，我们认为 3d 打印生物模型值得在解剖学教育中作为一种替代方案进行评估。引言：如今，传统的教学方法在传授知识和技能方面正在失去其有效性，因此应推广更有前途的替代策略。 兽医解剖学的创新替代教材之一就是用三维（3D）打印机制作的模型。本研究的主题是以从尸体中提取的骨骼为基础，通过三维建模和打印制作四种不同的生物骨骼模型。75.5% 的学生表示他们的生物模型与参考骨骼相似。此外，64.8% 的学生表示使用生物模型可以有效地学习骨骼系统。这些结果表明，4 种主要骨骼类型均可通过 3D 打印机复制，且相似度可接受。根据学生对这四种不同生物模型的意见，我们认为，3D打印生物模型可作为解剖学教学过程中的另一种工具进行评估。关键词：兽医学解剖学教学；3D 打印；生物骨骼模型；学生观点
{"title":"AN INSIGHT INTO VETERINARY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON THE USE OF 3D-PRINTED BONE BIOMODELS IN ANATOMY LEARNING","authors":"Alper Koçyiğit *, Hasan Hüseyin Ari, B. Uslu","doi":"10.26873/svr-1686-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1686-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Today, conventional teaching methods are losing their effectiveness at transferring knowledge and skills, prompting the presentation of alternative strategies that hold more promise. One of the innovative alternative education materials in veterinary anatomy education is the models produced on three-dimensional (3D) printers. The subject of this study is 4 different bone biomodels 3D modeled and printed with reference to cadaver-derived bones. In the study, a total of 298 students were asked to evaluate these biomodels in terms of their similarity to the reference bones. According to the survey, 75.5% of the students stated that their biomodel resembled the reference bones. In addition, 64.8% of these students stated that the use of biomodels can be efficient in learning the skeletal system. These outcomes showed that a sample from each of the 4 main bone types could be replicated on a 3D printer with an acceptable similarity ratio. Based on student opinions about these four different biomodels, we think that 3d printed biomodels deserve to be evaluated as an alternative in anatomy education. VPOGLED V MNENJE ŠTUDENTOV VETERINE O UPORABI 3D-TISKANIH BIOLOŠKIH MODELOV KOSTI PRI UČENJU ANATOMIJE Izvleček: Danes običajne metode poučevanja izgubljajo svojo učinkovitost pri prenosu znanja in spretnosti, zato bi bilo potrebno spodbujati alternativne, bolj obetavne strategije. Eno od inovativnih alternativnih učnih gradiv pri pouku veterinarske anatomije so modeli, izdelani na tridimenzionalnih (3D) tiskalnikih. Predmet te študije so štirje različni biološki modeli kosti, pripravljeni s 3D modeliranjem in tiskanjem, osnovani na kosteh, pridobljenih iz trupel. V študiji je bilo skupaj 298 študentov naprošenih, da ocenijo te biološke modele glede na njihovo podobnost s pravimi kostmi. 75,5 % študentov je navedlo, da je njihov biološki model podoben referenčnim kostem. Poleg tega je 64,8 % teh študentov izjavilo, da je uporaba bioloških modelov lahko učinkovita pri učenju skeletnega sistema. Ti rezultati so pokazali, da je mogoče vsakega od 4 glavnih tipov kosti kopirati na 3D-tiskalniku s sprejemljivim razmerjem podobnosti. Na podlagi mnenj študentov o teh štirih različnih bioloških modelih menimo, da bi 3D-tiskani biološki modeli lahko bili vrednoteni kot alternativni pripomoček pri izobraževalnem procesu anatomije. Ključne besede: poučevanje anatomije v veterini; 3D tiskanje; biološki model kosti; perspektiva študentov","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigated the response of growing rabbits in terms of growth performance, serum biochemical, intestinal morphology, and caecal fermentation parameters to feed restriction and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) supplementation. A total of 60 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly distributed into 6 groups: AL-0 (fed ad libitum + fresh water as control); AL-15 and AL-30 (ad libitum + water supplemented with ZnO-NPs in water, 15 and 30 mg/L, respectively); and R-0, R-15 and R-30 were the same as the first 3 groups but with restricted feeding regime. Rabbits fed ad libitum and supplemented with ZnO-NPs (15 mg/L) showed the highest body weight with no significant difference from AL- fed groups or R-0. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed no difference among the different experimental groups (P > 0.05). ZnO-NPs supplementation reduced the serum lipid profile parameters, catalase enzyme in R-30, superoxide dismutase in AL-15 and AL-30 while increased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in both ad libitum and restricted rabbits. ZnO-NPs administration resulted in lower caecal ammonia in AL-30 compared to its control (AL-0) as well as the content of individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (acetate, butyrate and propionate) (P < 0.05). Ileum morphological parameters (mucosal length, villi length, and goblet cell number) were modified in response to the feed restriction and ZnO-NPs addition. In conclusion, feed restriction program applied in this experiment altered rabbit growth performance (final body weight and weight gain with no differences in FCR), improved ileum morphology while had no significant effect on caecal fermentation (VFAs profile) or microbiological parameters. ZnO-NPs supplementation in both levels (15 and 30 mg/L) differently modulated serum lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and MDA, VFAs profile in cecum and ileal morphology with no differences in rabbit growth performance. VPLIV OMEJITVE KRME IN DODAJANJA NANODELCEV CINKOVEGA OKSIDA NA RASTNO ZMOGLJIVOST, BIOKEMIJO KRVI, ČREVESNO MORFOLOGIJO IN PARAMETRE CEKALNE FERMENTACIJE RASTOČIH KUNCEV Izvleček: V tej študiji smo proučevali odziv rastočih kuncev na omejitev krme in dodajanje nanodelcev cinkovega oksida (ZnO-NP) v okviru uspešnosti rasti, biokemičnih parametrov v serumu, morfologije črevesja in fermentacije v slepem črevesu. Skupno 60 samcev novozelandskih kuncev je bilo naključno razdeljenih v 6 skupin: AL-0 (krmljenje ad libitum + sladka voda kot kontrola); AL-15 (krmljenje ad libitum + voda z dodatkom 15 mg/l ZnO-NP) in AL-30 (krmljenje ad libitum + voda z dodatkom 30 mg/l ZnO-NP). Skupine R-0, R-15 in R-30 so bile enake prvim trem, vendar z omejenim režimom krmljenja. Kunci, hranjeni ad libitum z dodatkom ZnO-NP (15 mg/L), so imeli največjo telesno maso brez statistično značilnih razlik v primerjavi s skupinami AL-0, AL-30 in R-0. Razmerje pretvorbe krme (FCR) se med različnimi poskusnimi skupinami ni razlikovalo (P > 0,05). Dodajanje ZnO-NP je vplivalo na zmanjšanje
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF FEED RESTRICTION AND ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SUPPLEMENTATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, BLOOD BIOCHEMISTRY, INTESTINAL MORPHOLOGY AND CECAL FERMENTATION PARAMETERS OF GROWING RABBITS","authors":"Karima El-Naggar *, A. El-Shenawy, S. Fadl","doi":"10.26873/svr-1564-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1564-2023","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the response of growing rabbits in terms of growth performance, serum biochemical, intestinal morphology, and caecal fermentation parameters to feed restriction and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) supplementation. A total of 60 New Zealand male rabbits were randomly distributed into 6 groups: AL-0 (fed ad libitum + fresh water as control); AL-15 and AL-30 (ad libitum + water supplemented with ZnO-NPs in water, 15 and 30 mg/L, respectively); and R-0, R-15 and R-30 were the same as the first 3 groups but with restricted feeding regime. Rabbits fed ad libitum and supplemented with ZnO-NPs (15 mg/L) showed the highest body weight with no significant difference from AL- fed groups or R-0. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed no difference among the different experimental groups (P > 0.05). ZnO-NPs supplementation reduced the serum lipid profile parameters, catalase enzyme in R-30, superoxide dismutase in AL-15 and AL-30 while increased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) in both ad libitum and restricted rabbits. ZnO-NPs administration resulted in lower caecal ammonia in AL-30 compared to its control (AL-0) as well as the content of individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs) (acetate, butyrate and propionate) (P < 0.05). Ileum morphological parameters (mucosal length, villi length, and goblet cell number) were modified in response to the feed restriction and ZnO-NPs addition. In conclusion, feed restriction program applied in this experiment altered rabbit growth performance (final body weight and weight gain with no differences in FCR), improved ileum morphology while had no significant effect on caecal fermentation (VFAs profile) or microbiological parameters. ZnO-NPs supplementation in both levels (15 and 30 mg/L) differently modulated serum lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and MDA, VFAs profile in cecum and ileal morphology with no differences in rabbit growth performance. VPLIV OMEJITVE KRME IN DODAJANJA NANODELCEV CINKOVEGA OKSIDA NA RASTNO ZMOGLJIVOST, BIOKEMIJO KRVI, ČREVESNO MORFOLOGIJO IN PARAMETRE CEKALNE FERMENTACIJE RASTOČIH KUNCEV Izvleček: V tej študiji smo proučevali odziv rastočih kuncev na omejitev krme in dodajanje nanodelcev cinkovega oksida (ZnO-NP) v okviru uspešnosti rasti, biokemičnih parametrov v serumu, morfologije črevesja in fermentacije v slepem črevesu. Skupno 60 samcev novozelandskih kuncev je bilo naključno razdeljenih v 6 skupin: AL-0 (krmljenje ad libitum + sladka voda kot kontrola); AL-15 (krmljenje ad libitum + voda z dodatkom 15 mg/l ZnO-NP) in AL-30 (krmljenje ad libitum + voda z dodatkom 30 mg/l ZnO-NP). Skupine R-0, R-15 in R-30 so bile enake prvim trem, vendar z omejenim režimom krmljenja. Kunci, hranjeni ad libitum z dodatkom ZnO-NP (15 mg/L), so imeli največjo telesno maso brez statistično značilnih razlik v primerjavi s skupinami AL-0, AL-30 in R-0. Razmerje pretvorbe krme (FCR) se med različnimi poskusnimi skupinami ni razlikovalo (P > 0,05). Dodajanje ZnO-NP je vplivalo na zmanjšanje ","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caroline Molon De Morais, Sheila Canevese Rahal, José Ivaldo De Siqueira Silva Junior *, J. G. F. Coris, M. Mamprim, J. P. da Silva, Isis Alexandra Pincella Tinoco
This retrospective study aimed to identify the common extra-pelvic injuries at the first admission at the hospital of cats with pelvic fractures. The medical records and radiographs were assessed. Seventy-three cats with pelvic fractures were identified, of which 41 were associated with extra-pelvic injuries. Of the 41 animals with extra-pelvic injuries, 21 were females and 20 were males. Motor vehicle trauma represented 56.09% of the pelvic fracture cause. Injuries to the appendicular skeleton included femur (n=12), tibia (n=1), lateral malleolus (n=1) and olecranon (n=1) fractures, and unilateral hip luxation (n=4). In the axial skeleton, mandibular condyle fracture (n=1), fracture of lumbar vertebrae (n=1), fracture and/or luxation of the coccygeal vertebrae (n=3), and luxation between S3 and the first coccygeal vertebra (n=3) were detected. Sacrum or sacroiliac fractures were detected in six cases. Sacroiliac luxation was verified in 22 cats unilaterally (n=15) and bilaterally (n=7). Respiratory tract lesions were pulmonary contusion (n=2), pneumothorax (n=2), and diaphragmatic hernia (n=1). Lesions of the urinary system organs included bladder rupture (n=3) and bladder entrapment in the hernia (n=1). In the integumentary system, there was one case of cutaneous laceration and one of subcutaneous emphysema. Traumatic hernias of the abdominal wall were found in five cats. Nervous system lesions included traumatic brain injury (n=2) and spinal cord injury (n=1). Two cats presented with constipation. Two animals died, and two were euthanized due to the severity of the injuries. In conclusion, the extra-pelvic injuries at admission were more frequent in the appendicular skeleton, mainly represented by femur fractures. RETROSPEKTIVNA ANALIZA POŠKODB IZVEN MEDENICE, POTRJENIH OB PRVEM SPREJEMU MAČK Z ZLOMOM MEDENICE Izvleček: Namen te retrospektivne študije je bil ugotoviti pogoste zunajmedenične poškodbe ob prvem sprejemu mačk z zlomom medenice v bolnišnico. Pregledali smo medicinsko dokumentacijo in rentgenske slike. Identificirali smo 73 mačk z zlomom medenice, od katerih jih je bilo 41 povezanih z zunajmedeničnimi s poškodbami. Od 41 živali z zunajmedeničnimi poškodbami je bilo 21 samic in 20 samcev. Poškodbe zaradi motornih vozil so predstavljale 56,09 % vzrokov zlomov medenice. Poškodbe privesnega skeleta so vključevale zlom stegnenice (n = 12), golenice (n = 1), lateralnega skočnega sklepa (n = 1) in olekranona (n = 1) ter enostranski izpah kolka (n = 4). V osnem skeletu so bili odkriti zlom čeljustnega kondila (n = 1), zlom ledvenih vretenc (n = 1), zlom in/ali izpah repnih vretenc (n = 3) ter izpah med S3 in prvim repnim vretencem (n = 3). V šestih primerih so bili ugotovljeni zlomi križnice ali križnice in črevnice. Izpah križnično-črevničnega sklepa je bil potrjen pri 22 mačkah, enostransko (n = 15) ali obojestransko (n = 7). Poškodbe dihalnih poti so vključevale kontuzijo pljuč (n = 2), pnevmotoraks (n = 2) in diafragmalno hernijo (n = 1
{"title":"RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF EXTRA-PELVIC INJURIES VERIFIED AT THE FIRST ADMISSION OF CATS WITH PELVIC FRACTURES","authors":"Caroline Molon De Morais, Sheila Canevese Rahal, José Ivaldo De Siqueira Silva Junior *, J. G. F. Coris, M. Mamprim, J. P. da Silva, Isis Alexandra Pincella Tinoco","doi":"10.26873/svr-1611-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1611-2023","url":null,"abstract":"This retrospective study aimed to identify the common extra-pelvic injuries at the first admission at the hospital of cats with pelvic fractures. The medical records and radiographs were assessed. Seventy-three cats with pelvic fractures were identified, of which 41 were associated with extra-pelvic injuries. Of the 41 animals with extra-pelvic injuries, 21 were females and 20 were males. Motor vehicle trauma represented 56.09% of the pelvic fracture cause. Injuries to the appendicular skeleton included femur (n=12), tibia (n=1), lateral malleolus (n=1) and olecranon (n=1) fractures, and unilateral hip luxation (n=4). In the axial skeleton, mandibular condyle fracture (n=1), fracture of lumbar vertebrae (n=1), fracture and/or luxation of the coccygeal vertebrae (n=3), and luxation between S3 and the first coccygeal vertebra (n=3) were detected. Sacrum or sacroiliac fractures were detected in six cases. Sacroiliac luxation was verified in 22 cats unilaterally (n=15) and bilaterally (n=7). Respiratory tract lesions were pulmonary contusion (n=2), pneumothorax (n=2), and diaphragmatic hernia (n=1). Lesions of the urinary system organs included bladder rupture (n=3) and bladder entrapment in the hernia (n=1). In the integumentary system, there was one case of cutaneous laceration and one of subcutaneous emphysema. Traumatic hernias of the abdominal wall were found in five cats. Nervous system lesions included traumatic brain injury (n=2) and spinal cord injury (n=1). Two cats presented with constipation. Two animals died, and two were euthanized due to the severity of the injuries. In conclusion, the extra-pelvic injuries at admission were more frequent in the appendicular skeleton, mainly represented by femur fractures. RETROSPEKTIVNA ANALIZA POŠKODB IZVEN MEDENICE, POTRJENIH OB PRVEM SPREJEMU MAČK Z ZLOMOM MEDENICE Izvleček: Namen te retrospektivne študije je bil ugotoviti pogoste zunajmedenične poškodbe ob prvem sprejemu mačk z zlomom medenice v bolnišnico. Pregledali smo medicinsko dokumentacijo in rentgenske slike. Identificirali smo 73 mačk z zlomom medenice, od katerih jih je bilo 41 povezanih z zunajmedeničnimi s poškodbami. Od 41 živali z zunajmedeničnimi poškodbami je bilo 21 samic in 20 samcev. Poškodbe zaradi motornih vozil so predstavljale 56,09 % vzrokov zlomov medenice. Poškodbe privesnega skeleta so vključevale zlom stegnenice (n = 12), golenice (n = 1), lateralnega skočnega sklepa (n = 1) in olekranona (n = 1) ter enostranski izpah kolka (n = 4). V osnem skeletu so bili odkriti zlom čeljustnega kondila (n = 1), zlom ledvenih vretenc (n = 1), zlom in/ali izpah repnih vretenc (n = 3) ter izpah med S3 in prvim repnim vretencem (n = 3). V šestih primerih so bili ugotovljeni zlomi križnice ali križnice in črevnice. Izpah križnično-črevničnega sklepa je bil potrjen pri 22 mačkah, enostransko (n = 15) ali obojestransko (n = 7). Poškodbe dihalnih poti so vključevale kontuzijo pljuč (n = 2), pnevmotoraks (n = 2) in diafragmalno hernijo (n = 1","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. García, L. Gómez, U. Macías-Cruz, L. Avendaño-Reyes, Miguel Mellado *
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effects of extracts of Gliricidia sepium on sheathed and exsheathed larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Larvae of this parasite were incubated at 20–25 °C in hydro-methanolic extracts of leaves from this tropical tree at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h. Water and ivermectin were negative and positive controls, respectively. Total phenolic compounds of leaves of G. sepium were 6.4 ± 2.4 mg/g of dry matter. Other compounds identified in this leguminous tree by HPLC-mass spectrometry and that may be responsible for the anthelmintic effects observed were vanillin 4-sulfate, prodelphinidin p-coumaroyl glucose, kaempferol 3-o-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside,kaempferol-3-O-xylosyl rutinoside, p-coumaric acid, luteolin 7-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, and dihydro ferulic acid. At doses of 100 mg/mL mortality rate of sheathed and exsheathed H. contortus was 21.6 and 44.7%, respectively for 72 h of incubation. At 200 mg/mL, the hydro-methanolic extracts of G. sepium killed 61.5 and 93.8% of sheathed and exsheathed larvae, respectively, after 72 h of incubation. The effective concentration of the G. sepium extract for 50% sheathed and exsheathed larvae mortality (EC50) after 72 h of incubation was 74 mg/mL (CI = 46–100) and 68 mg/mL (CI= 32–100), respectively. The significant (P<0.001) ability to kill larvae compared to the negative controls, suggests in vitro anthelmintic properties of G. sepium against H. contortus. UČINKI HIDROMETANOLNEGA IZVLEČKA LISTOV Gliricidia sepium NA LIČINKE Haemonchus contortus IN VITRO Izvleček: Namen te in vitro študije je bil oceniti protiglivične učinke izvlečkov Gliricidia sepium na ličinke Haemonchus contortus z ovojem in brez njega. Ličinke parazita so bile inkubirane 24, 48 ali 72 ur pri 20–25 °C v hidrometanolnih izvlečkih listov tega tropskega drevesa v koncentracijah 12,5, 25, 50, 100 in 200 mg/ml. Voda in ivermectin sta služila kot negativna in pozitivna kontrola. Skupne fenolne spojine v listih G. sepium so obsegale 6,4 ± 2,4 mg/g suhe snovi. Druge spojine, ki so bile v drevesu identificirane s HPLC-masno spektrometrijo in ki bi lahko bile odgovorne za opažene protiglivične učinke, so bile vanilin 4-sulfat, prodelfinidin p-kumaroil glukoza, kaempferol 3-O-glukozil-rimnozil-glukozid, kaempferol-3-O-ksilozil rutinozid, p-kumarna kislina, luteolin 7-rutinozid, izorhamnetin 3-glukozid-7-rimnozid in dihidro ferulinska kislina. Pri odmerkih 100 mg/ml in 72 urah inkubacije je bila stopnja smrtnosti pri H. contortus z ovojem 21,6 %, pri H. contortus brez ovoja pa 44,7 %. Pri odmerkih 200 mg/ml in 72 urah inkubacije so hidrometanolni izvlečki G. sepium uničili 61,5 % ličink z ovojem in 93,8 % ličink brez ovoja. Srednja efektivna koncentracija (EC50) izvlečka G. sepium za ličinke z ovojem je bila 74 mg/ml (CI = 46–100), za ličinke brez ovoja pa 68 mg/ml (CI = 32–100) po 72 urah inkubacije. Statistično znači
{"title":"IN VITRO EFFECTS OF HYDRO-METHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM Gliricidia sepium LEAVES ON LARVAE OF Haemonchus sontortus","authors":"J. García, L. Gómez, U. Macías-Cruz, L. Avendaño-Reyes, Miguel Mellado *","doi":"10.26873/svr-1291-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1291-2023","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effects of extracts of Gliricidia sepium on sheathed and exsheathed larvae of Haemonchus contortus. Larvae of this parasite were incubated at 20–25 °C in hydro-methanolic extracts of leaves from this tropical tree at concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/mL for 24, 48, or 72 h. Water and ivermectin were negative and positive controls, respectively. Total phenolic compounds of leaves of G. sepium were 6.4 ± 2.4 mg/g of dry matter. Other compounds identified in this leguminous tree by HPLC-mass spectrometry and that may be responsible for the anthelmintic effects observed were vanillin 4-sulfate, prodelphinidin p-coumaroyl glucose, kaempferol 3-o-glucosyl-rhamnosyl-glucoside,kaempferol-3-O-xylosyl rutinoside, p-coumaric acid, luteolin 7-rutinoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside-7-rhamnoside, and dihydro ferulic acid. At doses of 100 mg/mL mortality rate of sheathed and exsheathed H. contortus was 21.6 and 44.7%, respectively for 72 h of incubation. At 200 mg/mL, the hydro-methanolic extracts of G. sepium killed 61.5 and 93.8% of sheathed and exsheathed larvae, respectively, after 72 h of incubation. The effective concentration of the G. sepium extract for 50% sheathed and exsheathed larvae mortality (EC50) after 72 h of incubation was 74 mg/mL (CI = 46–100) and 68 mg/mL (CI= 32–100), respectively. The significant (P<0.001) ability to kill larvae compared to the negative controls, suggests in vitro anthelmintic properties of G. sepium against H. contortus. UČINKI HIDROMETANOLNEGA IZVLEČKA LISTOV Gliricidia sepium NA LIČINKE Haemonchus contortus IN VITRO Izvleček: Namen te in vitro študije je bil oceniti protiglivične učinke izvlečkov Gliricidia sepium na ličinke Haemonchus contortus z ovojem in brez njega. Ličinke parazita so bile inkubirane 24, 48 ali 72 ur pri 20–25 °C v hidrometanolnih izvlečkih listov tega tropskega drevesa v koncentracijah 12,5, 25, 50, 100 in 200 mg/ml. Voda in ivermectin sta služila kot negativna in pozitivna kontrola. Skupne fenolne spojine v listih G. sepium so obsegale 6,4 ± 2,4 mg/g suhe snovi. Druge spojine, ki so bile v drevesu identificirane s HPLC-masno spektrometrijo in ki bi lahko bile odgovorne za opažene protiglivične učinke, so bile vanilin 4-sulfat, prodelfinidin p-kumaroil glukoza, kaempferol 3-O-glukozil-rimnozil-glukozid, kaempferol-3-O-ksilozil rutinozid, p-kumarna kislina, luteolin 7-rutinozid, izorhamnetin 3-glukozid-7-rimnozid in dihidro ferulinska kislina. Pri odmerkih 100 mg/ml in 72 urah inkubacije je bila stopnja smrtnosti pri H. contortus z ovojem 21,6 %, pri H. contortus brez ovoja pa 44,7 %. Pri odmerkih 200 mg/ml in 72 urah inkubacije so hidrometanolni izvlečki G. sepium uničili 61,5 % ličink z ovojem in 93,8 % ličink brez ovoja. Srednja efektivna koncentracija (EC50) izvlečka G. sepium za ličinke z ovojem je bila 74 mg/ml (CI = 46–100), za ličinke brez ovoja pa 68 mg/ml (CI = 32–100) po 72 urah inkubacije. Statistično znači","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139360500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the sixtieth year of continuous publishing, the cover page of Slovenian Veterinary Research features the symbol of veterinary medicine that we have been missing until now. It is the rod of Asclepius (Greek) or Aesculapius (Latin) wrapped by a snake, both of which are surrounded by a capital letter V. The symbol or attribute of the Asclepius’ rod with a snake originates from Antiquity and was used in our profession after it accepted scientifically based principles of work and became to be called veterinary medicine. There are several explanations about the origin and source of the symbol, a slightly deeper reflection takes us among the legends and myths of Antiquity, which are however, by no means as beautiful as the ones we read in our youth in the collection of The Most Beautiful Legends of Classical Antiquity by Gustav Benjamin Schwab (1792–1850), edited in German language (Die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums) in the years 1838 and 1840. NOVA PODOBA SLOVENSKEGA VETERINARSKEGA ZBORNIKA Z ASKLEPIJEVIM SIMBOLOM V šestdesetem letu neprekinjenega izhajanja, na naslov-nico Slovenskega veterinarskega zbornika prihaja znak veterinarske medicine, ki smo ga do sedaj pogrešali. To je Asklepijeva (gr.) ali Eskulapova (lat.) palica ki jo ovija kača, obe pa obdaja velika črka V. Simbol ali atribut Asklepjiove palice s kačo izvira iz Antike, ki se je v naši stroki pričel uporabljati potem, ko je ta prevzela znanstveno utemeljena načela dela in se pričela poimenovati veterinarska medicina. O izvoru in nastanku simbola je več razlag, nekoliko poglobljeno premišljevanje nas popelje v svet simbolike in antičnih mitov, ki nikakor niso tako lepi kot smo jih v mladosti brali v zbirki Najlepših antičnih pripovedk Gustava Benjamina Schwaba (1792–1850), ki so v nemščini (Die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums) izšle v letih 1838–1840.
在连续出版的第六十周年，《斯洛文尼亚兽医研究》的封面上出现了我们一直缺少的兽医标志。它是阿斯克勒庇俄斯(希腊语)或埃斯库拉庇俄斯(拉丁语)的杖，被一条蛇包裹着，两者都被大写字母v包围着。阿斯克勒庇俄斯的杖和蛇的符号或属性起源于古代，在它接受了基于科学的工作原理并被称为兽医学之后，我们的职业中使用了它。关于这个符号的起源和来源有几种解释，稍微深入一点的思考把我们带到了古代的传说和神话中，然而，这绝不像我们年轻时读到的古斯塔夫·本杰明·施瓦布(1792-1850)在1838年和1840年用德语编辑的《古代最美丽的传说》(Die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums)那样美丽。NOVA PODOBA SLOVENSKEGA veterinarskga ZBORNIKA Z ASKLEPIJEVIM SIMBOLOMV šestdesetem letu neprekinjenega izhajanja, na naslov-nico SLOVENSKEGA veterinarskga ZBORNIKA prihaja znak兽医，ki smo ga do sedaj pogrešali。To je Asklepijeva (gr.) ali Eskulapova (late .) palica ki jo ovija ka a, obe pa obdaja velika rka v . Simbol ali atribut Asklepjiove palice s ka o izvira iz Antike, ki se jev naši stroki priel uporabljati potem, ko je ta prevzela znanstveno utemeljena naela dela in se priela poimenovati veterinarska medicina。O izvoru in nastanku simbola je vei razlag, nekoliko poglobljeno premišljevanje as popelje v svet simbolike in antinih mitov, ki nikakor nakor tako lepi kot smo jih v mladosti brali v zbirki Najlepših antinih pripovedk Gustava Benjamina Schwaba (1792-1850)， ki so v nemščini (Die schönsten Sagen des klassischen altertum) izšle v letih 1838-1840。
{"title":"NEW IMAGE OF SLOVENIAN VETERINARY RESEARCH WITH ASCLEPIUS’ SYMBOL","authors":"V. Cestnik","doi":"10.26873/svr-1750-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1750-2023","url":null,"abstract":"In the sixtieth year of continuous publishing, the cover page of Slovenian Veterinary Research features the symbol of veterinary medicine that we have been missing until now. It is the rod of Asclepius (Greek) or Aesculapius (Latin) wrapped by a snake, both of which are surrounded by a capital letter V. The symbol or attribute of the Asclepius’ rod with a snake originates from Antiquity and was used in our profession after it accepted scientifically based principles of work and became to be called veterinary medicine. There are several explanations about the origin and source of the symbol, a slightly deeper reflection takes us among the legends and myths of Antiquity, which are however, by no means as beautiful as the ones we read in our youth in the collection of The Most Beautiful Legends of Classical Antiquity by Gustav Benjamin Schwab (1792–1850), edited in German language (Die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums) in the years 1838 and 1840.\u0000NOVA PODOBA SLOVENSKEGA VETERINARSKEGA ZBORNIKA Z ASKLEPIJEVIM SIMBOLOM\u0000V šestdesetem letu neprekinjenega izhajanja, na naslov-nico Slovenskega veterinarskega zbornika prihaja znak veterinarske medicine, ki smo ga do sedaj pogrešali. To je Asklepijeva (gr.) ali Eskulapova (lat.) palica ki jo ovija kača, obe pa obdaja velika črka V. Simbol ali atribut Asklepjiove palice s kačo izvira iz Antike, ki se je v naši stroki pričel uporabljati potem, ko je ta prevzela znanstveno utemeljena načela dela in se pričela poimenovati veterinarska medicina. O izvoru in nastanku simbola je več razlag, nekoliko poglobljeno premišljevanje nas popelje v svet simbolike in antičnih mitov, ki nikakor niso tako lepi kot smo jih v mladosti brali v zbirki Najlepših antičnih pripovedk Gustava Benjamina Schwaba (1792–1850), ki so v nemščini (Die schönsten Sagen des klassischen Altertums) izšle v letih 1838–1840.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viviparity is an important reproductive mode in reptiles from an evolutionary perspective. Viviparous reproduction is associated with certain physiological changes, probably in response to inadequate environmental conditions for egg development. Unlike in oviparous species, embryos remain and develop in the oviduct until birth. In order for the developing embryo to exchange respiratory gasses, water, and food, a placenta is required, which consists of fetal membranes that interact with the maternal oviduct. About 20% of squamates (snakes and lizards) are viviparous, but the morphology of the snake placenta has been studied only in the subfamilies Thamnophiinae and Hydrophiinae. Our objective was to study the structure of the placental layers and fetus in situ in the maternal oviduct of a 6-year-old Emerald tree boa (Corallus caninus). Five fertilized and three unfertilized slugs were found in the uterus during post mortem examination. The average mass of the slug with the fetus (48 mm length x 26 width) was 55-65 g and that of the unfertilized slug was 15-35 g. The fetal membranes and two fetuses were examined by light microscopy. Multiple projections of the tissue samples were made and cut into 5 µm thick paraffin tissue sections, which were stained with Haematoxylin-eosin, Toluidine blue, Goldner’s Trichrome and assessed immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies for cytokeratin. The morphology of the fetal membranes was described and found to have an anatomy similar to that of most squamates: a type I allantoplacenta. Th structure of the oviduct and of the fertilized and unfertilized slug was described. This case report provides a better understanding of placental morphology in boids and expands the spectrum of viviparous squamate species described.
{"title":"VIVIPARITY IN SNAKES – HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FETUS, FETAL MEMBRANES AND OVIDUCT IN EMERALD TREE BOA (Corallus caninus)","authors":"P. Cigler, T. Švara, Valentina Kubale Dvojmoč","doi":"10.26873/svr-1734-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1734-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Viviparity is an important reproductive mode in reptiles from an evolutionary perspective. Viviparous reproduction is associated with certain physiological changes, probably in response to inadequate environmental conditions for egg development. Unlike in oviparous species, embryos remain and develop in the oviduct until birth. In order for the developing embryo to exchange respiratory gasses, water, and food, a placenta is required, which consists of fetal membranes that interact with the maternal oviduct. About 20% of squamates (snakes and lizards) are viviparous, but the morphology of the snake placenta has been studied only in the subfamilies Thamnophiinae and Hydrophiinae. Our objective was to study the structure of the placental layers and fetus in situ in the maternal oviduct of a 6-year-old Emerald tree boa (Corallus caninus). Five fertilized and three unfertilized slugs were found in the uterus during post mortem examination. The average mass of the slug with the fetus (48 mm length x 26 width) was 55-65 g and that of the unfertilized slug was 15-35 g. The fetal membranes and two fetuses were examined by light microscopy. Multiple projections of the tissue samples were made and cut into 5 µm thick paraffin tissue sections, which were stained with Haematoxylin-eosin, Toluidine blue, Goldner’s Trichrome and assessed immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies for cytokeratin. The morphology of the fetal membranes was described and found to have an anatomy similar to that of most squamates: a type I allantoplacenta. Th structure of the oviduct and of the fertilized and unfertilized slug was described. This case report provides a better understanding of placental morphology in boids and expands the spectrum of viviparous squamate species described.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44756943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Marzok *, A. M. Hereba, Abdelfattah Selim *
Most leptospiral infections in horses are asymptomatic; however, acute disease manifestations as well as reproductive failure and recurrent uveitis have been reported. Horses are considered accidental hosts. The data about equine leptospirosis in Egypt are scarce. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate presence of antibodies against Leptospira sp. in horse in four Egyptian governorates and determine the associated risk factors for the infection. To determine the seroprevalence in 305 serum samples, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was carried using eight Leptospira servoars antigens. The results revealed 104 animals were positive for at least one of the serovars (34.1 %; 95 % CI: 29.01 - 39.59). The most common reaction was reported to Icterohaemorrhagiae servoar (15.14 %), followed by Canicola (14.75 %), Bratislava (11.47 %), Copenhageni (8.19 %), Pomona (7.86 %), and Hardjo (6.88 %). The most prevalent was observed among females, older, horses raising in pasture or in contact with ruminants or dogs and lack of rodent’s control. The significant seroprevalence suggests that Egyptian horses living in the studied area are at high risk of infection or exposure by Leptospira sp. Thus, the establishment of emergency surveillance and control program is very crucial for this zoonotic pathogen.
{"title":"EQUINE LEPTOSPIROSIS IN EGYPT: SEROPREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS","authors":"Mohamed Marzok *, A. M. Hereba, Abdelfattah Selim *","doi":"10.26873/svr-1716-2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26873/svr-1716-2023","url":null,"abstract":"Most leptospiral infections in horses are asymptomatic; however, acute disease manifestations as well as reproductive failure and recurrent uveitis have been reported. Horses are considered accidental hosts. The data about equine leptospirosis in Egypt are scarce. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate presence of antibodies against Leptospira sp. in horse in four Egyptian governorates and determine the associated risk factors for the infection. To determine the seroprevalence in 305 serum samples, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was carried using eight Leptospira servoars antigens. The results revealed 104 animals were positive for at least one of the serovars (34.1 %; 95 % CI: 29.01 - 39.59). The most common reaction was reported to Icterohaemorrhagiae servoar (15.14 %), followed by Canicola (14.75 %), Bratislava (11.47 %), Copenhageni (8.19 %), Pomona (7.86 %), and Hardjo (6.88 %). The most prevalent was observed among females, older, horses raising in pasture or in contact with ruminants or dogs and lack of rodent’s control. The significant seroprevalence suggests that Egyptian horses living in the studied area are at high risk of infection or exposure by Leptospira sp. Thus, the establishment of emergency surveillance and control program is very crucial for this zoonotic pathogen.","PeriodicalId":21765,"journal":{"name":"Slovenian Veterinary Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43143623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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