胎盘:需要大量能量的器官

Maia A. Shestakova, P. Vishnyakova, T. K. Fatkhudinov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

胎盘是一个独特的器官,没有它,人类就不可能怀孕。胎盘的半异质性、局部性、细胞组成的复杂性和异质性决定了其在生理妊娠过程中的复杂和多面性作用,表明研究该器官在许多生殖病理中的重要性。本综述的目的是分析说明能量依赖过程在胎盘代谢中的重要性的文献来源,并确定胎盘能量转化的分子基础。在撰写评论时使用了PubMed数据库和科学电子图书馆eLIBRARY.ru中的外国和俄罗斯作者的出版物。这篇综述强调了胎盘的主要功能:运输和合成功能,就其在器官能量消耗结构中的地位而言。考虑了母体血液中离子和气体通过胎盘屏障进行运输的系统。详细介绍了胎盘在合成类固醇激素和糖皮质激素中的作用。主要的生物能量系统也被考虑:胎盘的葡萄糖代谢,线粒体的功能活性和胎盘的肌酸激酶系统。这些数据使我们能够将胎盘与其他高能量需求的器官(大脑、横纹肌、心脏、肾脏、肝脏)相提并论,这些器官最容易受到代谢紊乱的影响。维持胎盘中巨能化合物的消耗和合成之间的平衡对于生理妊娠的适当过程至关重要,而不平衡可导致诸如胎儿发育迟缓综合征或先兆子痫等病理。进一步研究胎盘能量供应系统对了解宫内发育障碍的机制和发展其发病治疗具有重要意义。
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Placenta: an organ with high energy requirements
Placenta is a unique organ, without which the very phenomenon of human pregnancy is impossible. Semiallogeneous nature, localization of the placenta, complex and heterogeneous cellular composition determines its complex and multifaceted role in the course of physiological pregnancy, indicates the importance of studying this organ in a number of reproductive pathologies. The purpose of this review was to analyze the literature sources illustrating the importance of energydependent processes in placental metabolism and to determine the molecular basis of placental energy conversion. Publications of foreign and Russian authors from PubMed database and scientific electronic library eLIBRARY.ru were used when writing the review. The review highlights the main functions of the placenta: transport and synthetic functions in terms of their place in the structure of energy expenditure of the organ. The systems by which the transport of ions and gases from maternal blood through the placental barrier is performed, are considered. The role of the placenta in the synthesis of steroid hormones and glucocorticoids is detailed. The main bioenergetic systems are also considered: placental glucose metabolism, the functional activity of mitochondria and the creatine kinase system of the placenta. These data allow us to put the placenta on a par with other organs with high energy requirements (brain, transverse striated skeletal muscles, heart, kidneys, liver), which are most susceptible to metabolic disorders. Maintaining a balance between expenditure and synthesis of macroergic compounds in the placenta is critical for an adequate course of physiological pregnancy, and imbalances can lead to such pathologies as fetal retardation syndrome or preeclampsia. Further study of placental energy supply systems seems important for understanding the mechanisms of intrauterine development disorders and developing their pathogenetic treatment.
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CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
43
审稿时长
8 weeks
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