Ali Afzal , Muhammad Babar Khawar , Ume Habiba , Sara Shahzaman , Syeda Eisha Hamid , Mussarat Rafiq , Muddasir Hassan Abbasi , Nadeem Sheikh
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Nanoengineering of extracellular vesicles for drug delivery systems: Current advances and future directions
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have gained high repute in drug delivery systems owing to their relatively higher efficacy as natural drug delivery vehicles. The current literature has advanced the use of EVs in drug delivery through exploring various aspects including their biogenesis, characterization, and nanoengineering techniques thereby leading them from laboratory to clinical use with optimized good laboratory practices. In this timely review, we summarize the current status of EVs characterizations and recent updates on nanoengineering of EVs regarding Cargo loading and surface fabrication. Further, we have also reviewed current progress in clinical translation and implications of EVs in clinical trials together with future recommendations.
期刊介绍:
OpenNano is an internationally peer-reviewed and open access journal publishing high-quality review articles and original research papers on the burgeoning area of nanopharmaceutics and nanosized delivery systems for drugs, genes, and imaging agents. The Journal publishes basic, translational and clinical research as well as methodological papers and aims to bring together chemists, biochemists, cell biologists, material scientists, pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacologists, clinicians and all others working in this exciting and challenging area.