Surgical Site Infections in General Surgery at the Regional Hospital of Thies (Senegal): Epidemiological, Bacteriological Aspects and Risk Factors

Introduction: Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are frequent and lead to serious consequences and in terms of morbidity and mortality, with an increase in the length of hospitalization and health costs. Developing countries are the most affected. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and bacteriological aspects of SSIs in general surgery at the RH of Thies. Methods: This is a prospective study over a period of seven months (7 months) from September 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019 at the level of the general surgery department of the Regional Hospital of Thies. Bacteriological studies were carried out at the level of the Bacteriology unit of the National Public Health Laboratory of Senegal. Results: The incidence of SSIs in our study was 9.9%. The SSIs rate was 15.3% among resident surgeons, 10% among junior surgeons, 6.8% among senior ones. The surgical intervention was classified as Altemeier stage 1 in 3.4% of cases (n = 1), stage 2 in 27.6% of cases (n = 8), stage 3 in 24.1% of cases (n = 7) and stage 4 in 44.8% of cases (n = 13). Twenty-two of the isolated stems (73.3% of cases) were multidrug-resistant bacilli. The extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was found in 22 isolates and 1 stem of K. pneumoniae was resistant to all antibiotics. Conclusion: SSIs constitute a challenge because of their high frequency and the high resistance of germs to common antibiotics. Currently, the main mode of resistance of bacteria in SSIs is the secretion of ESBL. This phenomenon seems to be major in our regions where it is urgent to review the therapeutic protocols in practice in the services.