科学方法分析作为科学思维在历史学习中的一个指标

Ofianto Ofianto, Tri Zahra Ningsih
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要本研究旨在分析印度尼西亚课程中所有科目普遍接受的科学方法概念在多大程度上能够成为历史学习中科学思维的基础。本研究是一项描述性的定量研究,采用调查方法,旨在获取有关学校学生科学思维能力的信息。研究对象包括印尼的60名高中生。数据是通过书面测试以描述的形式收集的。在Quest程序的帮助下,使用部分信用模型(PCM)的数据分析技术。研究结果表明,能够回答第三类问题的学生不到50%。这些数据表明,普遍适用于印度尼西亚课程中所有科目的科学方法未能成为学生在历史学习中科学思维技能的基础。在此基础上,作者提出了历史学习中的四项技能,即历史素养、历史思维、历史意识和历史推理,作为历史学习中科学思维的基础。关键词:科学方法、科学思维、历史素养、历史思维、历史意识、历史推理Abstrak。本研究旨在分析印尼课程中所有学习点的通用科学方法概念在多大程度上可以成为历史科学思维的基础。本研究是一项定量描述性研究,采用调查方法,旨在获得有关科学家在学校思考能力的图像信息。研究对象包括印度尼西亚的60名高中生。数据收集是通过以装饰形式编写的测试来完成的。使用部分信用模型(PCM)和Quest项目支持的数据分析技术。研究表明,能够回答第三类问题的最佳参与者不到50%。数据表明,在印度尼西亚,对课程中的所有学习点普遍采用科学方法还不能成为学生历史科学思维的基础。在此基础上,笔者推荐了历史学习中的四项技能:历史素养、历史思维、历史意识和历史推理,作为历史学习中科学思维的基础。关键词:走近科学、思维科学、历史素养、历史思维、历史意识、历史推理。
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Analisis Pendekatan Saintifik sebagai Indikator Berpikir Ilmiah dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah
Abstract. This study aims to analyze the extent to which the concept of a scientific approach that is generally accepted for all subjects in the curriculum in Indonesia is be able to become a basis for scientific thinking in history learning. This research is descriptive quantitative research with a survey method that aims to obtain information about the scientific thinking abilities of students in schools. The research subjects consisted of 60 high school students in Indonesia. The data was collected through a written test in the form of a description. Data analysis techniques using Partial Credit Model (PCM) with the help of the Quest program. The findings of the study showed that students who were able to answer questions in category 3 were less than 50%. These data indicate that the scientific approach that applies in general to all subjects in the curriculum in Indonesia has not been able to become the basis for students' scientific thinking skills in history learning. Based on this, the authors recommend four skills in historical learning, namely historical literacy, historical thinking, historical consciousness, and historical reasoning to be the basis for scientific thinking in historical learning. Keywords: Scientific Approach, Scientific Thinking, Historical Literacy, Historical Thinking, Historical Consciousness, and Historical Reasoning Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sejauh mana konsep pendekatan ilmiah yang berlaku umum untuk semua mata pelajaran dalam kurikulum di Indonesia mampu menjadi landasan berpikir ilmiah dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi gambaran tentang kemapuan berpikir ilmiah siswa di sekolah. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 60 siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes tertulis dalam bentuk uraian. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Partial Credit Model (PCM) dengan bantuan program Quest. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik yang mampu menjawab soal pada kategori 3 kurang dari 50%. Data tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa pendekatan ilmiah yang berlaku secara umum untuk semua mata pelajaran dalam kurikulum di Indonesia belum mampu menjadi landasan keterampilan berpikir ilmiah siswa dalam pembelajaran sejarah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penulis merekomendasikan empat keterampilan dalam pembelajaran sejarah yaitu historical literacy, historical thinking, historical consciousness, dan historical reasoning untuk menjadi landasan berpikir ilmiah dalam pembalajaran sejarah. Kata Kunci: Pendekatan Ilmiah, Berpikir Ilmiah, Historical Literacy, Historical Thinking, Historical Consciousness, dan Historical Reasoning.
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