温室条件下前茬作物和杀菌剂种子处理对番茄丝核病发生和防治的影响

A. Goulart
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引用次数: 1

摘要

摘要本试验旨在验证温室条件下不同作物和杀菌剂种子处理对棉花枯枯病发生及防治的影响。该试验在巴西南马托格罗索州杜拉多斯的Embrapa Western Agriculture进行了两年。除棉花(处理过和未处理过的种子)和休耕作物外,还试验了以下覆盖作物:黑燕麦、小米、玉米、饲草高粱、大豆、普通豆、水草(crotalaria juncea)、腕子(Urochloa ruziziensis)和腕子(Urochloa ruziziensis) +水草(crotalaria juncea)。棉花种子杀菌剂为三元醇+百曲龙+聚氟醚(50 + 50 + 30 g a.i./100 kg种子)。棉花和以前作物的种子被播种在塑料托盘和花盆里的土壤中;种子被放置在等距3cm深的单井中。将真菌接种量均匀分布在基质表面(2.5g/盘,0.34g/罐),可获得茄色霉的接种。真菌在高压灭菌的黑燕麦种子上生长35天,然后用磨(1毫米)磨成粉末。从播种后第7天开始,每天评估抗湿性。前茬作物与杀菌剂处理互作影响显著(P<0.05)。杀菌剂种子处理能有效地防治番茄枯枯病的发生,且在禾草为前代作物时效果增强。除休耕外,使用诸如brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis)、黑燕麦、小米、玉米和饲草高粱等禾草作为以前的作物,显著地减少了土壤中solani种群的数量,导致棉花幼苗的受潮率较低。另一方面,连续使用棉花,以及豆科植物大豆、黄豆、黄花苜蓿(crotalaria juncea)和尾尾草(Urochloa ruziziensis) +黄花苜蓿(crotalaria juncea)作为棉花的前代作物,始终具有较高的幼苗灭苗率,有助于增加或至少维持土壤中茄蚜的接种量。不施用杀菌剂的棉花连续栽培小区的减湿率最高。本研究结果表明,在茄蚜疫区,需要采取综合治理方案,加强对棉花幼苗的防湿。
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Influence of previous crops and fungicide seed treatment in the incidence and control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in cotton seedlings under greenhouse conditions
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the influence of previous crops and fungicide seed treatment in the incidence and control of damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani in cotton seedlings under greenhouse conditions. This experiment was carried out during two years at Embrapa Western Agriculture, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. In addition to cotton (treated and untreated seeds) and fallow, the following cover crops were tested as previous crops: black oats, millet, corn, forage sorghum, soybean, common beans, crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) and brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) + crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea). The fungicide mixture used as treatment to cotton seeds was triadimenol + pencycuron + tolylfluanid (50 + 50 + 30 g a.i./100 kg seeds). Seeds from cotton and previous crops were sown in soil contained in plastic trays and pots; the seeds were placed in individual and equidistant 3cm-deep wells. Inoculation of R. solani was obtained by homogeneously distributing the fungal inoculum onto the substrate surface (2.5g/tray and 0.34g/pot). The fungus was grown for 35 days on autoclaved black oat seeds subsequently ground to powder using a mill (1mm). Damping-off was daily evaluated from the seventh day after sowing. There was a significant effect of the interaction previous crops x fungicide treatment (P<0.05). The fungicide seed treatment was efficient in controlling seedling damping-off caused by R. solani and its effect was potentiated when grasses were the previous crops. Use of grasses such as brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis), black oats, millet, corn and forage sorghum as previous crops, besides fallow, significantly contributed to a smaller R. solani population in the soil, which resulted in lower rates of cotton seedling damping-off. On the other hand, using cotton continuously, as well as the legumes soybeans, beans, crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), and brachiaria (Urochloa ruziziensis) + crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) as previous crops to cotton, was consistently associated with higher rates of seedling damping-off, contributing to the increase or at least the maintenance of R. solani inoculum in the soil. The highest damping-off percentages were observed in plots under continuous cotton cultivation without fungicide seed treatment. The present results reinforce the need of improving damping-off control in cotton seedlings by adopting integrated management programs in areas infested with R. solani.
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来源期刊
Summa Phytopathologica
Summa Phytopathologica Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: The Summa Phytopathologica is a publication of the São Paulo State Plant Pathology Association (APF), Botucatu SP. Summa Phytopathologica (SP) is dedicated to publishing technical and scientific articles that describe original research in the area of Plant Pathology that may contribute significantly to its progress. SP accepts papers written in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Its abbreviated title, Summa Phytopathol., should be used in bibliographies, footnotes and bibliographical references and strips.
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