从档案资料看中世纪和近代初期波兰土地上的工匠迁移

Janusz Tandecki
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在其他城市寻找工作的中世纪最古老的旅行最初被视为他们学习时间的自然延长。随着时间的推移,这种移民成为寻找工作或更高工资的重要途径,尽管加深专业技能或结识新人和熟悉新地方的愿望也是其他重要因素。自15世纪以来,在试图提供技术能力证明(“杰作”)失败后,额外旅行的义务可能被视为一种惩罚。此外,离开车间可能是熟练工人和他们的师傅之间冲突的结果。在考虑旅行寻找工作时,中世纪的战争或影响地区的流行病并非没有意义。自15/16世纪以来,在一些所在地的行会中,熟练工人的旅行成为一项法定的义务,履行这一义务可以实现熟练工人的全部权利,后来使候选人能够启动旨在实现最高成就的程序:工艺大师的头衔。
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Migrations of Craftsmen in Polish Lands in the Middle Ages and on the Threshold of Modern Times According to Archival Sources
The oldest, medieval travels of journeymen who searched for work in other cities were initially treated as natural prolongation of their study period. Over time, such migrations became an important way to find a job or higher wage, although the desire to deepen professional skills or meet new people and get acquainted with new places were other important factors. Since the 15th century, the obligation of additional travel might have been treated as a punishment after an unsuccessful attempt to deliver proof of technical competence (the „masterpiece”). It happened also that departing from workshops could be the result of conflict situations between journeymen and their masters. Wars fought in the Middle Ages or epidemics affecting areas were not without significance when considering traveling in search for work by journeymen. Since the 15th/16th century, in some guilds from the presented locations, journeymen's travel became a statutory, obligatory duty, the fulfillment of which allowed to achieve full journeyman rights, and later enabled the candidates to initiate process aiming at the highest accomplishment: the title of master craftsman.
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