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About the Art of Applied Letters. The Letters to Offices and Documents in the Textbooks for Teaching of Correspondence in 19th Century 关于应用文学艺术。19世纪函授教材中的《致办公室的信》和《文件》
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.455-482
A. Kulecka
These ponderings result from the analysis of textbooks for teaching the art of correspondence between 1835–1914. They show different models of correspondence and documents such as letters of request, complaint, appeal, and agreements, trades contracts, contracts of services, testaments and others. Designed for all societal classes, the textbooks served to popularize the tenets of law. They propagated the models of shorts and matter-of-fact letters, as well as documents including very well described obligations.
这些思考来自于对1835-1914年间的函授教材的分析。它们展示了不同模式的通信和文件,如请求、投诉、上诉、协议、贸易合同、服务合同、遗嘱等。这些教科书是为社会各阶层设计的,目的是普及法律原则。他们推广了简短信函和实事求是信函的模式,以及包括详细说明义务的文件。
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引用次数: 0
The Oldest Bells of the Lubliniec Region 卢布利涅茨地区最古老的钟声
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.69-101
Maciej Janik
The collection of oldest bells in the Lubliniec region is too modest in terms of quantity to draw general conclusions. Their value is revealed against the background of certain more common features of their proper resource context. It is believed that the context for them is formed primarily by Silesian bell foundry monuments with centers in Nysa and Wroclaw, and the production of Czech bell foundry workshops in the second place. Unfortunately, this statement should also remain research intuition in the face of still poor state of research on Upper Silesian epigraphy, heavy losses in the Upper Silesian campanological resources, and, finally, the persistent existence of components of the resource outside the places of their historical existance (Germany). The analyzed monuments, located in a small area bordering Silesia, carry content relevant to bell epigraphy in Central Europe. In terms of inscription writing, they confirm a certain inertia of the duration of Gothic minuscule and the attractiveness of Proto-Renaissance capital in Silesian foundry workshops.
卢布利涅茨地区最古老的钟收藏数量太少,无法得出一般结论。它们的价值是在其适当资源环境的某些更常见特征的背景下显现的。据信,它们的背景主要是由以尼萨和弗罗茨瓦夫为中心的西里西亚铸钟纪念碑以及其次是捷克铸钟车间的生产形成的。不幸的是,面对上西里西亚金石学研究的糟糕状态、上西里西亚考古资源的严重损失,以及最终资源的组成部分在其历史存在地之外的持续存在,这种说法也应该保持研究直觉(德国)。这些被分析的纪念碑位于西里西亚附近的一小块地区,其内容与中欧的钟金石学有关。在铭文书写方面,它们证实了哥特式微小时期的某种惰性,以及原始文艺复兴时期资本在西里西亚铸造车间的吸引力。
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引用次数: 0
From Archive to Archive. Comments on the Functional and Organizational Evolution of Archival Units in Voivodeship Committees of the PPR/PZPR 从存档到存档。对PPR/PZPR省委员会档案单位职能和组织演变的评论
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.573-616
Tomasz Czarnota
The subject matter of the activities of the PPR and PZPR archives is certainly not a research tabula rasa, but many facts relating to it are quite poorly known. In particular, this applies to the organizational and functional evolution of the provincial segment in the archival division taking place between the fifth and seventh decade of the 20th century. This article aims to bring to light a lot of unknown or inaccurate information on this subject. This applies to e.g., to knowledge about the nature of the KW PPR archives – historical archives par excellence, collecting only documents recognized as valuable historical sources and intended to store them perpetually. A problem as significant as it is elusive in scientific circulation is the functioning of the voivodeship current records repositories of PZPR in the years 1949–1953, about which there is usually false information that they were created only in 1953, along with information about their different and lower grade than the archives of the KW PPR. the rank of current (transitional) archives, obliged to successively transfer the collected archives to the „central party archive” (Department, and later the Establishment of Party History of the Central Committee of PZPR). One of the most interesting, and at the same time completely unknown, facts about this matter is the failure to implement in 1956 the resolution of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the PZPR on the transformation of the current records repositories of the Voivodeship Committees of the Polish United Workers' Party into archives – contrary to the information disseminated on this subject, it did not take place until 1962. In this context, it should be clearly noted that in this case it was not only about a cosmetic change of names, but also about transforming them into administrative and historical archives, entitled to a professional elaboration of their resource, which was to be their resource stored perpetually, more widely than previously made available to historians, primarily party historians. This article, which presents many new facts, including, among others, the internal party context of delays in transforming the KW PZPR current records repositories into their archives, was primarily aimed at showing the process of the organizational and functional transformation of the „party archive service” lasting several years.
PPR和PZPR档案馆活动的主题当然不是一个研究表格,但与之相关的许多事实都鲜为人知。特别是,这适用于20世纪第五至第七个十年之间档案部门省级部门的组织和职能演变。这篇文章的目的是揭露关于这个主题的许多未知或不准确的信息。这适用于例如关于KW PPR档案性质的知识——卓越的历史档案,只收集被公认为有价值的历史来源并打算永久保存的文件。在科学流通中,一个同样重要但难以捉摸的问题是1949年至1953年PZPR省现有记录库的运作,关于这些记录库,通常有虚假信息称它们是1953年才创建的,还有关于它们与KW PPR档案不同且级别较低的信息。现有(过渡)档案的等级,有义务将收集的档案陆续移交给“中央党史档案馆”(系,后来是PZPR中央党史馆)。关于这一问题,最令人感兴趣的事实之一,同时也是完全未知的事实之一是,1956年,波兰中央委员会秘书处未能执行关于将波兰统一工人党各省委员会的现有记录库转变为档案的决议,这与传播的关于这一主题的信息相反,直到1962年才发生。在这方面,应该清楚地指出,在这种情况下,这不仅是对名称的修饰性更改,而且是将其转变为行政和历史档案,有权对其资源进行专业阐述,这将是其永久存储的资源,比以前向历史学家(主要是政党历史学家)提供的资源更广泛。这篇文章介绍了许多新的事实,其中包括将KW PZPR当前记录库转换为其档案的延迟的党内背景,主要旨在展示持续数年的“政党档案服务”的组织和职能转变过程。
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引用次数: 0
The Karśnicki Family in Central Poland in Epigraphic Sources from the 16th–18th Centuries 16 - 18世纪铭文资料中波兰中部的Karśnicki家族
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.161-180
Alicja Szymczak, J. Szymczak
The Karśnicki family from Łęczyckie and Sieradzkie are related to 4 epigraphic monuments. The first, now lost, recorded only in the work of Szymon Starowolski, Monumenta Sarmatarum, concerns Barbara Sarnowska, after her husband Sasin Karśnicka, buried in Łowicz in 1583, next to her uncle, the archbishop of Gniezno, Jan Przerębski. Three other monuments are located in the former Bernardine church in Ostrzeszów and concern members of the family Fundament Karśnicki, Jastrzębiec coat of arms: a baroque epitaph of Tomasz wojski (tribunus) of Ostrzeszów (died 1707), the tombstone of his son Jerzy Florian, lieutenant colonel in the service of the field hetman Stanisław Rzewuski, stolnik (dapifer) of Wieluń (died 1742) and the tombstone of Kazimierz judge of the Wieluń (died 1797), son of Franciszek of Kierzno, stolnik (dapifer) of Ostrzeszów and grandson of Tomasz. The authors present the genealogy of both families, family connections and political activity.
Łęczyckie和Sieradzkie的Karśnicki家族与4个铭文纪念碑有关。第一个,现在已经丢失了,只记录在西蒙·斯塔沃斯基的著作《萨尔马塔鲁姆纪念碑》(Monumenta Sarmatarum)中,涉及芭芭拉·萨诺斯卡,以她的丈夫萨辛Karśnicka的名字命名,萨辛于1583年被埋葬在Łowicz,旁边是她的叔叔,格涅兹诺大主教,Jan Przerębski。另外三座纪念碑位于Ostrzeszów的前伯纳丁教堂内,与家族基金会成员Karśnicki, Jastrzębiec的盾形纹章有关:一个巴洛克墓志文的托马什·沃伊斯基(保民官)Ostrzeszów(死于1707年),他的儿子耶日·弗洛里安的墓碑,在战场酋长Stanisław Rzewuski中校服务,斯托尔尼克(dapifer) wieluski的(死于1742年)和Kazimierz的墓碑wieluski的法官(死于1797年),Kierzno的Franciszek的儿子,斯托尔尼克(dapifer) Ostrzeszów和托马什的孙子。作者介绍了两个家庭的家谱、家庭关系和政治活动。
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引用次数: 0
Granting an Office Function to the Registers Maintained by Poviat Starost's Offices of the Lublin Voivodeship from 1927 to 1929 授予卢布林省Poviat Starost办公室1927年至1929年维护的登记册办公室职能
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.517-534
Marek Konstankiewicz
The article outlines the reorganisation of the office service carried out in poviat starost's offices of the Lublin Voivodeship in 1927. It concerned the documentation accruing in enumerated categories of cases, the settlement of which involved entries in official registers kept on the basis of legal regulations. The streamlining consisted in resigning from entering correspondence, in these cases, in the correspondence register, leaving only entries in the appropriate register, which at the same time assumed the function of an office aid. The article assesses the significance of the implementation of this solution against the background of all activities improving the office of the administration of the Second Republic of Poland, and above all the nationwide reform of the office regulations introduced in 1931. The source material is based on normative acts, documents related to their establishment and implementation, as well as reporting and control materials. In addition, the findings made on the basis of the normative acts have been verified in relation to the office aids preserved in the archival legacy of the offices studied.
文章概述了1927年卢布林省poviat starost办公室进行的办公服务重组。它涉及列举的各类案件中积累的文件,这些案件的解决涉及根据法律法规保存的官方登记册中的条目。精简包括放弃在信件登记册中记录信件,只在适当的登记册中留下条目,同时承担办公室助理的职能。本文评估了在改善波兰第二共和国行政办公室的所有活动的背景下,尤其是在1931年引入的全国性办公室条例改革的背景下实施这一解决方案的重要性。原始材料以规范性法案、与其制定和实施有关的文件以及报告和控制材料为基础。此外,根据规范性法案得出的结论已就所研究办公室档案遗产中保存的办公室辅助设备进行了核实。
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引用次数: 0
Office of Bureaucratic Administration. Subject – Scope – Research Model 官僚行政办公室。主题-范围-研究模式
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.335-350
Artur Górak
The article is an attempt to analyze and define the concept of a bureaucratic office as a subject of research. Over the last hundred years, the office has been a subject of lively interest of Polish science, first for the needs of archival science, and finally also for diplomacy and history of administration. The author analyzes the phenomenon of the office in terms of the organization of office activities, the functions of the organization, and as a document service system (the office system). An important point of reference for recognizing this subject of research is the theory of the document life cycle. The summary of the considerations is the outline of the monograph model of the office.
本文试图对作为研究对象的官僚办公室的概念进行分析和界定。在过去的一百年里,该办公室一直是波兰科学界感兴趣的主题,首先是档案科学的需要,最后也是外交和行政史的需要。作者从办公室活动的组织、组织的功能以及作为文件服务系统(办公室系统)的角度分析了办公室现象。认识这一研究主题的一个重要参考点是文档生命周期理论。考虑因素的总结是该办公室专著模式的概要。
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引用次数: 0
Consolidation of Archival Materials in Poland in the Interwar Period 战后波兰档案资料的整理
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.499-515
Irena Mamczak-Gadkowska
The aim of this article is to present the issue of consolidation of archival materials in Poland in the interwar years (1918–1939). After Poland regained independence, the problem of merging archives became particularly important for Polish state archives, both in the context of ongoing revindication process of archival records and library collections and the need for their rational distribution in the archives as well as in the context of arranging and making archival resources accessible for scientific research. The author discusses the main problems that accompanied this process. She draws attention to the initiatives of the State Archives Department and the most prominent Polish archivists in this regard. She also points out the legal aspects of this process and the main difficulties associated with its implementation. The author emphasizes the role and efforts of archives and scientific libraries in the process of consolidating archival materials in Poland during the said period.
本文的目的是介绍波兰在两次世界大战期间(1918-1939)档案材料的整合问题。在波兰重新获得独立后,档案合并问题对波兰国家档案馆来说变得尤为重要,这不仅是在档案记录和图书馆馆藏正在进行的修订过程的背景下,也是在档案中合理分布的需要,以及在安排和使档案资源可供科学研究使用的背景下。作者讨论了这一过程中出现的主要问题。她提请注意国家档案部和最杰出的波兰档案工作者在这方面的倡议。她还指出了这一进程的法律方面以及与执行有关的主要困难。作者强调了档案馆和科学图书馆在这一时期波兰档案资料整合过程中的作用和努力。
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引用次数: 0
Organisation of Floating in the Estates of Widow of Kraków Castellan Izabela Branicka née Poniatowska 组织漂浮在寡妇Kraków城堡伊莎贝拉·布兰尼卡和波尼亚托斯卡的遗产
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.247-280
Krzysztof Syta
This article is devoted to the organisation of river floating in the estates of the Branicki family (coat-of-arms Gryf), managed from 1771 by Izabela Branicka née Poniatowska, widow of the castellan of Kraków and Great Hetman of the Crown Jan Klemens. The article is based on archival sources from the Roskie Archive fonds stored in the holdings of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw. Particularly important in the findings of the text is the correspondence from the circle of Izabela Branicka's clerks and officials involved in the administration of her landed estates. The issue of floating was discussed in several areas, including the characteristics of: waterways and ports used by the Branicka's flotilla, directions of river transport and its volume, management of the flotilla in terms of froth and renting ships and boats, the state of the flotilla in terms of construction, repairs and purchase of vessels forming it, crews of ships and boats – including the number of personnel, functions, maintenance costs, and finally the course of floating and factors affecting it.
这篇文章致力于在Branicki家族(盾徽Gryf)的庄园中组织河流漂浮,从1771年开始由isabella Branicka n Poniatowska管理,她是Kraków的城堡主和皇冠的大酋长Jan Klemens的遗孀。这篇文章是基于华沙中央历史记录档案馆保存的罗斯基档案馆的档案资料。在文本的发现中,特别重要的是来自伊莎贝拉·布兰尼卡的职员和管理她的地产的官员圈子的通信。在几个方面讨论了浮动问题,包括以下方面的特点:Branicka的船队所使用的水道和港口,内河运输的方向和数量,船队的管理(泡沫和租用船只),船队的建造、修理和购买组成船队的船只的状况,船队的船员——包括人员的数量、功能、维护费用,最后是浮动的过程和影响因素。
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引用次数: 0
August II Wettyn’s Posthumous Medals 8月2日,韦廷追授勋章
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.217-246
Jan Rokita
The author describes in detail a number of examples of medallic, graphic and artistic works associated with the medals of August II Wettyn. The most important goal of the creators of these medals was to popularize the figure of the deceased ruler – August II Wettyn – in commemoration of whom the medals were made. The main purpose of the research work was to demonstrate the relationship between the described monuments of art.
作者详细描述了与August II Wettyn奖章相关的奖章、图形和艺术作品的一些例子。这些奖牌的创造者最重要的目标是普及已故统治者奥古斯特·II·韦廷的形象,以纪念奖牌的制作者。研究工作的主要目的是证明所描述的艺术纪念碑之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific Trip to Lviv as a Form of Educating Archivists at the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University 科学之旅利沃夫作为教育档案工作者的形式在玛丽亚Curie-Skłodowska大学
Pub Date : 2023-07-20 DOI: 10.17951/rh.2023.55.659-692
Janusz Łosowski
Archival studies programs include periodic study visits in the modern archives. So far, no thorough publications were devoted to them, which is why this text was written. It is focused on visits to Lviv the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (UMCS) students’, firstly those enrolled in the archivist specialization of the history program, then, since 2012, archival studies. They were organized annually within the period between 2007 and 2019 for groups of six students with their supervisors. The visits lasted seven days each, and their aim was to explore the archives and libraries of Lviv. Each year a similar student group of the Ukrainian University of Lviv in Honor of Ivan Franko came to Lublin and partook in the explorations of Polish archives along with the UMCS students. Over the described period, 74 students of UMCS altogether went to Lviv, and a similar number of Lviv’ students visited Polish archives. The article characterizes the visit program of the Lublin students to Lviv and its execution, and evaluates the effects of the visits with the use of the student reports, short essays as well as the assessments of visits drawn up after years.
档案研究项目包括定期访问现代档案馆。到目前为止,还没有专门针对它们的全面出版物,这就是为什么写这篇文章的原因。它的重点是访问利沃夫的玛丽亚·居里-斯科沃斯卡大学(UMCS)学生,首先是历史项目档案管理员专业的学生,然后是自2012年以来的档案研究。在2007年至2019年期间,他们每年都会与导师一起为六名学生组织一次活动。每次访问持续七天,目的是探索利沃夫的档案馆和图书馆。乌克兰利沃夫大学每年都会有一个类似的学生团体来到卢布林,与UMCS的学生一起参与波兰档案的探索。在所述期间,共有74名UMCS学生前往利沃夫,同样数量的利沃夫学生参观了波兰档案馆。本文介绍了卢布林学生对利沃夫的访问计划及其执行情况,并利用学生报告、短文以及多年后制定的访问评估来评估访问的效果。
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引用次数: 0
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