Helin Wang , Can Liu , Helong Jiang , Zhiliang Guo , Yingping Zheng , Qi Qi , Lixu Lei
{"title":"采用少溶剂固相反应制备3PbO·PbSO4·H2O的实验研究","authors":"Helin Wang , Can Liu , Helong Jiang , Zhiliang Guo , Yingping Zheng , Qi Qi , Lixu Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.ece.2023.02.003","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Less solvent solid state reactions are reactions of solids with help of a little amount of solvent in ordinary stirring reactors. Due to the limited amount of solvent, only part of the substances can dissolve in the solvent, and the solvent can be regarded as a transport agent that makes the reactants contact easily. Here, we present an experiment about less solvent solid state reaction that enables students to use β-PbO and PbSO<sub>4</sub> to produce 3PbO·PbSO<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (tribasic lead sulfate, usually short as 3BS) in 2 h with its reaction monitored and product characterized with X-ray diffraction. By combining their experiment data with the thermodynamic analysis in the pre-lab lecture, students can understand why solution reactions reach equilibriums eventually while solid state reactions reach 100% completion, and how to get rid of the diffusion difficulty of solid state reactions. Meanwhile, exposure to this experiment can stimulate students to explore techniques for greener chemical processes other than solution reactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48509,"journal":{"name":"Education for Chemical Engineers","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A laboratory experiment on preparation of 3PbO·PbSO4·H2O using less solvent solid state reaction for undergraduate students\",\"authors\":\"Helin Wang , Can Liu , Helong Jiang , Zhiliang Guo , Yingping Zheng , Qi Qi , Lixu Lei\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ece.2023.02.003\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Less solvent solid state reactions are reactions of solids with help of a little amount of solvent in ordinary stirring reactors. Due to the limited amount of solvent, only part of the substances can dissolve in the solvent, and the solvent can be regarded as a transport agent that makes the reactants contact easily. Here, we present an experiment about less solvent solid state reaction that enables students to use β-PbO and PbSO<sub>4</sub> to produce 3PbO·PbSO<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (tribasic lead sulfate, usually short as 3BS) in 2 h with its reaction monitored and product characterized with X-ray diffraction. By combining their experiment data with the thermodynamic analysis in the pre-lab lecture, students can understand why solution reactions reach equilibriums eventually while solid state reactions reach 100% completion, and how to get rid of the diffusion difficulty of solid state reactions. Meanwhile, exposure to this experiment can stimulate students to explore techniques for greener chemical processes other than solution reactions.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48509,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Education for Chemical Engineers\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-04-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Education for Chemical Engineers\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"95\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749772823000118\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"教育学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Education for Chemical Engineers","FirstCategoryId":"95","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1749772823000118","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES","Score":null,"Total":0}
A laboratory experiment on preparation of 3PbO·PbSO4·H2O using less solvent solid state reaction for undergraduate students
Less solvent solid state reactions are reactions of solids with help of a little amount of solvent in ordinary stirring reactors. Due to the limited amount of solvent, only part of the substances can dissolve in the solvent, and the solvent can be regarded as a transport agent that makes the reactants contact easily. Here, we present an experiment about less solvent solid state reaction that enables students to use β-PbO and PbSO4 to produce 3PbO·PbSO4·H2O (tribasic lead sulfate, usually short as 3BS) in 2 h with its reaction monitored and product characterized with X-ray diffraction. By combining their experiment data with the thermodynamic analysis in the pre-lab lecture, students can understand why solution reactions reach equilibriums eventually while solid state reactions reach 100% completion, and how to get rid of the diffusion difficulty of solid state reactions. Meanwhile, exposure to this experiment can stimulate students to explore techniques for greener chemical processes other than solution reactions.
期刊介绍:
Education for Chemical Engineers was launched in 2006 with a remit to publisheducation research papers, resource reviews and teaching and learning notes. ECE is targeted at chemical engineering academics and educators, discussing the ongoingchanges and development in chemical engineering education. This international title publishes papers from around the world, creating a global network of chemical engineering academics. Papers demonstrating how educational research results can be applied to chemical engineering education are particularly welcome, as are the accounts of research work that brings new perspectives to established principles, highlighting unsolved problems or indicating direction for future research relevant to chemical engineering education. Core topic areas: -Assessment- Accreditation- Curriculum development and transformation- Design- Diversity- Distance education-- E-learning Entrepreneurship programs- Industry-academic linkages- Benchmarking- Lifelong learning- Multidisciplinary programs- Outreach from kindergarten to high school programs- Student recruitment and retention and transition programs- New technology- Problem-based learning- Social responsibility and professionalism- Teamwork- Web-based learning