探索对抗现代世界传染性威胁的机构能力的最佳模式

Q4 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI:10.46300/91011.2021.15.41
O. Zyma, O. Soloviova, I. Boiko, V. A. Somina, Y. Mekh
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引用次数: 1

摘要

公共卫生的流行病学监测是在国家和国际两级防范病毒性疾病和传染病的重要工具。预防、卫生防护、强制接种、疫情审核、专项防疫措施等构成了防疫工作的核心内容。它们的实施需要一种系统的方法,而这只能通过公共卫生领域,包括在国际范围内的专业、平衡和科学合理的公共行政来确保。COVID-19大流行暴露了与卫生保健和流行病学监测方面的公共行政有关的一些问题。在这篇文章中,作者分析了建立确保卫生和流行病学健康的系统的世界经验,并试图评估其对应对流行病学威胁的有效性的影响。在研究过程中,作者考察了世界四十多个国家的防疫卫生机构体系结构。作者没有包括人口较少的国家(因为这些国家的特点是公共行政实体的普遍性和多功能性)以及对COVID-19传播的统计数据有问题的国家。对其他国家来说,有可能确定建立卫生和防治流行病机构系统的三种主要办法,并提出流行病福利领域公共行政体制机制的适当模式。
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Search for the Optimal Model of Institutional Capacity to Counteract Infectious Threats in the Modern World
Epidemiological surveillance of public health is an important tool for protection against viral and infectious diseases, both at the national and international levels. Its key role is played by such components as prevention, sanitary protection, compulsory vaccination, audit of the epidemic situation, special anti-epidemic measures, etc. Their implementation requires a systematic approach, which can only be ensured by professional, balanced, and scientifically sound public administration in the field of public health, including on the international scale. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed a number of issues related to public administration in healthcare and epidemiological surveillance. In this article, the authors analyse the world experience of building systems that ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being, and try to assess its impact on the effectiveness of counteracting epidemiological threats. In the course of the study, the authors investigated the structure of the system of anti-epidemic and sanitary bodies of more than forty countries of the world. The authors have left out countries with a small population (because they are characterised by universalisation, multifunctionality of public administration entities) and countries whose statistics on the spread of COVID-19 are questionable. For others, it was possible to identify three main approaches to building a system of sanitary and anti-epidemic bodies and to propose appropriate models of the institutional mechanism of public administration in the field of epidemiological well-being.
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来源期刊
International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering
International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all)
自引率
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发文量
42
期刊介绍: Topics: Molecular Dynamics, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Quantum Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, Immunology, Neurophysiology, Genetics, Population Dynamics, Dynamics of Diseases, Bioecology, Epidemiology, Social Dynamics, PhotoBiology, PhotoChemistry, Plant Biology, Microbiology, Immunology, Bioinformatics, Signal Transduction, Environmental Systems, Psychological and Cognitive Systems, Pattern Formation, Evolution, Game Theory and Adaptive Dynamics, Bioengineering, Biotechnolgies, Medical Imaging, Medical Signal Processing, Feedback Control in Biology and Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics and Applications in Biomedicine, Space Medicine and Biology, Nuclear Biology and Medicine.
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