蒙古征服对中亚城市的影响

IF 0.3 3区 艺术学 0 ARCHITECTURE International Journal of Islamic Architecture Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI:10.1386/ijia_00118_1
Katie Campbell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇文章讨论了泥在中亚城市中的使用,特别提到了这种建筑材料在1219年到1250年蒙古人向西征服中的作用。概述了土制建筑的建造、维护和重建模式,我考虑了蒙古人的征服将如何影响依赖于这种建筑材料的城市的城市占领,并以土库曼斯坦的Merv和哈萨克斯坦的Otrar为例。考虑到泥砖建筑需要持续维护以防止腐朽,以及一旦开始逆转这一过程的困难,我认为蒙古征服运动导致的人口减少对城市结构的影响比入侵蒙古军队的蓄意破坏更大。在考古分析的基础上,我讨论了再利用泥土作为建筑材料的实用性和困难,以表明放弃建筑物和城市可以是对侵蚀或供水转移的有意识的,务实的反应,而不是灾难性事件。我的结论是,正如考古记录所证明的那样,应该重新考虑13世纪对中亚城市破坏和拆除的描述,以包括人口外逃和环境变化的附带影响。
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The Impact of the Mongol Conquests on Earthen Cities in Central Asia
This article discusses the uses of mud in Central Asian cities with specific reference to this building material’s role in views on the Mongols’ westward conquests from 1219 to the 1250s. Outlining the patterns of construction, maintenance, and reconstruction of earthen architecture, I consider how the Mongol conquests would have impacted the urban occupation of cities that relied on this building material with a focus on examples from Merv, Turkmenistan, and Otrar, Kazakhstan. Given the need for continuous maintenance to mud-brick architecture to prevent decay, and the difficulties of reversing this process once it has begun, I argue that depopulation resulting from the Mongol conquest campaigns would have impacted the urban fabric more significantly than any deliberate demolition by invading Mongol armies. Based on archaeological analysis, I discuss the practicalities and difficulties of reusing mud as a building material to show that the abandonment of buildings and cities can be a conscious, pragmatic response to erosion or a shifting water supply rather than a catastrophic event. I conclude that thirteenth-century accounts describing the urban devastation and demolition of Central Asian cities should be reconsidered to include the collateral impact of the flight of populations and environmental change, as evidenced in the archaeological record.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
33
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Islamic Architecture (IJIA) publishes bi-annually, peer-reviewed articles on the urban design and planning, architecture and landscape architecture of the historic Islamic world, encompassing the Middle East and parts of Africa and Asia, but also the more recent geographies of Islam in its global dimensions. The main emphasis is on the detailed analysis of the practical, historical and theoretical aspects of architecture, with a focus on both design and its reception. The journal also aims to encourage dialogue and discussion between practitioners and scholars. Articles that bridge the academic-practitioner divide are highly encouraged. While the main focus is on architecture, papers that explore architecture from other disciplinary perspectives, such as art, history, archaeology, anthropology, culture, spirituality, religion and economics are also welcome. The journal is specifically interested in contemporary architecture and urban design in relation to social and cultural history, geography, politics, aesthetics, technology and conservation. Spanning across cultures and disciplines, IJIA seeks to analyse and explain issues related to the built environment throughout the regions covered. The audience of this journal includes both practitioners and scholars. The journal publishes both online and in print. The first issue was published in January 2012.
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