r里有什么?IPA图解中r符号的使用综述

IF 0.8 3区 文学 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS Journal of the International Phonetic Association Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI:10.1017/s0025100322000238
Rémi Anselme, F. Pellegrino, D. Dediu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在转录中使用符号r是什么意思?在这里,我们分析了自1971年以来IPA插图中肺泡颤音(r)和敲击音()符号的使用情况。我们首先概述了两种转录传统中用来表示颤音和敲击音的各种符号和惯例的历史:美国的转录系统和国际音标。从2021年之前涵盖的213种语言中,我们使用插图中提供的信息仔细分析了162种有颤音和/或敲击音的语言。我们的研究结果表明,在两种转录传统中,r往往被用来表示一种通用的“r-like”音。更准确地说,通过比较辅音表中r的使用及其所附叙事文本的转录,我们发现r与肺泡颤音没有系统的联系。此外,我们还发现,语音颤音的频率低于语音抽头,而音位颤音比音位抽头更频繁。因此,从转录中r的存在来推断声音系统中颤音的存在并不像人们想象的那样简单。这些发现强调了绝对明确语法和二级数据库中各种符号的含义的重要性,尤其是r,作为广泛研究的初步步骤,包括跨语言比较、对过去的推断或对语言习得和发音努力的概括。
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What’s in the r? A review of the usage of the r symbol in the Illustrations of the IPA
What does the symbol r mean when it is used in a transcription? Here we analyze the use of the symbols for the alveolar trills (r) and taps ( ) among the Illustrations of the IPA since 1971. We begin by sketching the history of the various symbols and conventions used to represent the trill and the tap in two transcription traditions: the Americanist Transcription System and the International Phonetic Alphabet. From the 213 languages covered until 2021, we carefully analyze the 162 that have trills and/or taps, using the information provided in Illustrations. Our results show that r tends to be used to represent a generic ‘r-like’ sound in both transcription traditions. More precisely, by comparing the use of r in the consonant tables and in the transcriptions of their accompanying narrative texts, we show that r is not systematically associated with an alveolar trill. Furthermore, we show that phonetic trills are less frequent than phonetic taps, while phonemic trills are more frequent than phonemic taps. As a consequence, inferring the presence of trilling in a sound system from the presence of r in its transcription is not as straightforward as one might expect. These findings highlight the critical importance of being absolutely explicit about the meaning of the various symbols found in grammars and secondary databases, and of r in particular, as a preliminary step in a broad range of studies, including cross-linguistic comparisons, inferences about the past or generalizations about language acquisition and articulatory effort.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
20
期刊介绍: The Journal of the International Phonetic Association (JIPA) is a forum for work in the fields of phonetic theory and description. As well as including papers on laboratory phonetics/phonology and related topics, the journal encourages submissions on practical applications of phonetics to areas such as phonetics teaching and speech therapy, as well as the analysis of speech phenomena in relation to computer speech processing. It is especially concerned with the theory behind the International Phonetic Alphabet and discussions of the use of symbols for illustrating the phonetic structures of a wide variety of languages. JIPA now publishes online audio files to supplement written articles Published for the International Phonetic Association
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