Sleep quality in the Brazilian general population: A cross-sectional study

Objective

This study aimed to assess sleep quality and the independent predictors of poor sleep quality in the Brazilian population.

Methods

An online survey was conducted in adults from all five Brazilian regions. Participants answered a structured questionnaire including variables such as sex, age, geographic region, state, socioeconomic class, education level, the existence of a partner/roommate, self-reported insomnia, and smart phone/interactive media use. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. A logistic regression model was built to assess potential independent predictors of poor sleep quality (PSQI >5).

Results

A total of 2,635 adult individuals were included in the study (median age: 35 years, 54.1% females). Median PSQI score was 7.0 (IQR: 4.0; 65.5% of poor sleepers). Multivariate model showed that females (OR: 1.079; 95% CI: 1.041-1.119); age <55 years (OR: 1.107; 95% CI: 1.031–1.189); having a partner/roommate sleeping in another bed (OR: 1.086; 95% CI: 1.005–1.172) and in another room (OR: 1.137; 95% CI: 1.046–1.235); self-reported insomnia (OR: 1.410; 95% CI: 1.357–1.465); living in Midwest (OR: 1.125; 95% CI: 1.005-1.259), South (OR: 1.121; 95% CI: 1.015-1.239) and Southeast (OR: 1.125; 95% CI: 1.025-1.236) regions, compared to North; and smart phone/interactive media use (OR: 1.129; 95% CI: 1.088-1.171) were predictors of poor sleep quality.

Conclusion

Poor sleep quality is prevalent among the Brazilian population. Being younger, female, having a partner sleeping in another bed or room, self-reported insomnia, and smart phone/interactive media use were predictors of poor sleep quality.