法庭考古学:阿约提亚案和混合知识的形成

IF 1.6 2区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Social Archaeology Pub Date : 2023-07-19 DOI:10.1177/14696053231190374
Rachel A. Varghese
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2002年8月1日,印度阿拉哈巴德高等法院裁定阿约提亚案,命令印度中央政府考古调查机构(ASI)在北方邦被拆除的巴布里清真寺遗址进行考古发掘。该命令标志着印度法律和考古学融合的新时刻,考古知识在民事纠纷中被司法要求作为证据。本文认为,这标志着考古学作为法律证据的混合知识的出现,它在法律框架内重新定义了考古学。它通过仔细阅读三份文件来追溯这些趋势:阿拉哈巴德高等法院和最高法院在阿约提亚案中的判决,以及北方邦瓦拉纳西下级法院于2021年4月8日在GyanVapi案中发布的命令。我认为,考古学在印度法庭上扮演的新角色正在动摇印度考古研究所作为考古知识权威和国家物质历史保护者的地位。它还产生了一类自信的公众,他们成功地要求为意识形态目的生产考古知识。
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Archaeology for the courtroom: the Ayodhya Case and the fashioning of a hybrid episteme
On 1 August 2002, the Allahabad High Court in India, adjudicating the Ayodhya Case, ordered archaeological excavations by the central government agency Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) at the site of the demolished mosque Babri Masjid in Uttar Pradesh. The order marked a new moment for the convergence of law and archaeology in India, with archaeological knowledge being produced on judicial demand as evidence in a civil dispute. This paper argues that this marked the emergence of a hybrid episteme of archaeology-as-legal-evidence which redefines archaeology within the framework of law. It traces these tendencies by a close reading of three documents: the judgements of the Allahabad High Court and the Supreme Court in the Ayodhya Case and an order issued by a lower court in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh on 8 April 2021 in the GyanVapi Case. I argue that the new role that archaeology is assuming in courtrooms in India is destabilising the standing of the ASI as the authority of archaeological knowledge and the protector of the nation’s material past. It has also produced a category of assertive public that successfully demands production of archaeological knowledge towards ideological ends.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
8.30%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: The Journal of Social Archaeology is a fully peer reviewed international journal that promotes interdisciplinary research focused on social approaches in archaeology, opening up new debates and areas of exploration. It engages with and contributes to theoretical developments from other related disciplines such as feminism, queer theory, postcolonialism, social geography, literary theory, politics, anthropology, cognitive studies and behavioural science. It is explicitly global in outlook with temporal parameters from prehistory to recent periods. As well as promoting innovative social interpretations of the past, it also encourages an exploration of contemporary politics and heritage issues.
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