Journal of Social Archaeology最新文献

英文中文

Archaeology, ethnography, and geosciences reveal central role of traditional lifeways in shaping Madagascar's dry forests. 考古学、人种学和地球科学揭示了传统生活方式在塑造马达加斯加干旱森林中的核心作用。

IF 1.6 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/14696053241260032

Dylan S Davis, Bram Tucker, Ricky Justome, Zafy Maharesy Chrisostome, Briand Venance Pierre, Alejandra I Domic, Leanne N Phelps, Abiola Ibirogba, Chiamaka Mangut, Carla E Klehm, Kristina Douglass

Many communities in southwestern Madagascar rely on a mix of foraging, fishing, farming, and herding, with cattle central to local cultures, rituals, and intergenerational wealth transfer. Today these livelihoods are critically threatened by the intensifying effects of climate change and biodiversity loss. Improved understanding of ancient community-environment dynamics can help identify pathways to livelihood sustainability. Multidisciplinary approaches have great potential to improve our understanding of human-environment interactions across spatio-temporal scales. We combine archaeological survey data, oral history interviews, and high-resolution multispectral PlanetScope imagery to explore 400 years of human-environment interaction in the Namonte Basin. Our analysis reveals that settlement and land-use led to significant changes in the region's ecology, both during periods of occupation and after settlement abandonment. Human activity over this period may have stabilized vegetative systems, whereby seasonal changes in vegetative health were reduced compared to surrounding locations. These ecological legacies may have buffered communities against unpredictable climate challenges.

马达加斯加西南部的许多社区以觅食、捕鱼、耕作和放牧为生，牛是当地文化、仪式和代际财富传承的核心。如今，气候变化和生物多样性丧失的影响日益加剧，这些生计受到严重威胁。加强对古老社区-环境动态的了解有助于确定生计可持续性的途径。多学科方法在提高我们对人类与环境跨时空尺度互动的理解方面具有巨大潜力。我们将考古调查数据、口述历史访谈和高分辨率多光谱 PlanetScope 图像结合起来，探索纳蒙特盆地 400 年来人类与环境的互动。我们的分析表明，定居和土地使用导致该地区的生态环境发生了重大变化，无论是在占领时期还是在定居放弃之后。这一时期的人类活动可能稳定了植被系统，与周围地区相比，植被健康状况的季节性变化减少了。这些生态遗产可能使社区免受不可预测的气候挑战的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Heritage work in extractive zones 采掘区的遗产工作

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/14696053241259388

Melissa F. Baird

This paper explores the role of heritage work in extractive zones, focusing on how different stakeholders—industries, communities, and governments—leverage heritage to assert claims and achieve visibility. This paper is based on a multiyear research project examining the now-canceled Jordan Cove Energy Project and Pacific Connector Pipeline in Oregon. The focus here centers on defining heritage work and its use by various actors to navigate claims of legitimacy and access. I argue that in extractive contexts, heritage work is more than legal work or documentation; it is also a tool that communities use to refuse the erasure of connections to land and culture and to affirm connections. By defining heritage work and extractive zones in the same frame, this paper directs attention to how heritage is taken up, dismissed, legitimized, or valorized.

本文探讨了遗产工作在采掘区的作用，重点关注不同利益相关者--行业、社区和政府--如何利用遗产来主张权利和实现能见度。本文基于一个为期多年的研究项目，该项目考察了俄勒冈州现已取消的约旦湾能源项目和太平洋连接管道。本文的重点是对遗产工作的定义，以及不同行为者利用遗产工作来引导合法性和获取权的主张。我认为，在采掘背景下，遗产工作不仅仅是法律工作或文献；它也是社区用来拒绝抹杀与土地和文化的联系并确认联系的工具。通过在同一框架内定义遗产工作和采掘区，本文引导人们关注遗产是如何被利用、否定、合法化或价值化的。

引用次数: 0

Decolonising archaeology in South Africa: two decades after the National Heritage Resources Act of 1999 南非考古学的非殖民化：1999 年《国家遗产资源法》二十年之后

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/14696053241234678

Kerry-Leigh P Reddy, Thembi Russell

Twenty-four years ago, the National Heritage Resources Act, No. 25 of 1999 (NHRA) was enacted in South Africa. This was a moment of change, when the heritage of those marginalised during the colonial and Apartheid eras would finally be given its rightful place on the national heritage list. There was a sense of optimism amongst politicians that the African past was finally to be recognised in an inclusive and representative future. This was echoed in archaeology, given its central role in uncovering and telling the story of precolonial South Africa. The discipline slowly opened its doors to academics of all ethnic groups and new perspectives were identified. But an examination of the practical consequences and impact of this progressive legislation for transforming officially declared heritage in the past 24 years shows surprisingly little change in the overall body of recognized, listed heritage. Recent studies of transformation in South African archaeology have focussed on institutional transformation; possible transformation of the types and frequency of sites declared as national and provincial heritage sites has not yet been examined. It is this issue which our paper addresses. The paper presents analysis that relies on the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS) database covering the period 1936 to mid-2022. Whilst sites associated with European colonialism still predominate, there has been a change in the frequency of types of heritage declared since 1999, with an increase in sites associated with the Black liberation struggle. Yet the list remains very unbalanced, with only a single heritage site connected to the precolonial past of Black South Africans having been declared as a national heritage site since 1999. We discuss and classify the types of heritage declared since 1999 and suggest reasons for the distortion.

二十四年前，南非颁布了 1999 年第 25 号《国家遗产资源法》（NHRA）。这是一个变革的时刻，那些在殖民和种族隔离时代被边缘化的遗产终于可以在国家遗产名录中获得应有的地位。政治家们乐观地认为，在一个具有包容性和代表性的未来，非洲的过去终将得到承认。考古学在发掘和讲述前殖民时期南非的故事方面发挥着核心作用，这一点在考古学中也得到了响应。这门学科慢慢地向所有种族的学者敞开大门，新的视角也被确定下来。但是，在过去 24 年里，对这一渐进式立法的实际后果和影响进行了研究，以改变官方公布的遗产，结果令人惊讶地发现，公认的、列入名录的遗产总体变化不大。最近对南非考古学变革的研究主要集中在制度变革方面，而对宣布为国家和省级遗产的遗址类型和频率可能发生的变革尚未进行研究。我们的论文正是要探讨这一问题。本文以南非遗产资源信息系统（SAHRIS）数据库为基础，对 1936 年至 2022 年中期的情况进行了分析。虽然与欧洲殖民主义有关的遗址仍占多数，但自 1999 年以来，申报遗产类型的频率发生了变化，与黑人解放斗争有关的遗址有所增加。然而，这份遗产名录仍然很不平衡，自 1999 年以来，只有一个与南非黑人殖民前历史有关的遗产地被宣布为国家遗产地。我们对 1999 年以来宣布的遗产类型进行了讨论和分类，并提出了造成这种扭曲的原因。

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引用次数: 0

Time to decolonise: ‘If not now’, then when? 非殖民化的时机："如果不是现在"，那是何时？

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231224321

Nour A. Munawar

The introduction of this special issue not only underscores the significance of engaging local communities in the reconstruction of their heritage in post-conflict contexts; it also emphasises the necessity and importance of including local researchers from the affected area, in this case the Arab region, in producing knowledge about its rich past. This special issue contributes towards a comparative knowledge base on the obstacles to and enablers of heritage reconstruction, management of cultural resources and recovery of societies in the Arab region. This introductory piece starts with examining the impact of colonial and post-colonial regimes on producing knowledge about the past and how the latter regimes introduced societal elitism in studying the past. I argue that by giving a voice and a chance to local scholars and early career researchers coming from the studied regions (even if they are currently based abroad), we would be taking another step towards decolonising the past by empowering societies and producing local decolonial knowledge about the region’s iconic ruins. Allowing alternative forms of non-Eurocentric (culturally diverse) knowledge production about the past, primarily generated by local scholars, to be introduced, presented, published and promoted would render knowledge production authentic and simultaneously delink heritage from decades of knowledge coloniality.

本特刊的导言不仅强调了让当地社区参与冲突后遗产重建的重要意义，还强调了让受影响地区（此处指阿拉伯地区）的当地研究人员参与了解其丰富历史的必要性和重要性。本特刊有助于建立一个比较知识库，了解阿拉伯地区遗产重建、文化资源管理和社会恢复的障碍和促进因素。这篇介绍性文章首先探讨了殖民政权和后殖民政权对创造有关过去的知识的影响，以及后殖民政权是如何在研究过去时引入社会精英主义的。我认为，让来自所研究地区的当地学者和早期职业研究人员（即使他们目前在国外）有发言权和机会，我们将通过赋予社会权力和创造有关该地区标志性遗址的当地非殖民化知识，向非殖民化迈出另一步。允许主要由当地学者创造的关于过去的非欧洲中心主义（文化多样性）知识生产的替代形式被引进、介绍、出版和推广，将使知识生产具有真实性，同时使遗产与数十年的知识殖民主义脱钩。

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引用次数: 0

Reactivating voices of the youth in safeguarding cultural heritage in Iraq: the challenges and tools 重新唤起伊拉克青年保护文化遗产的声音：挑战与工具

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231224037

Gehan Selim, S. Farhan

This article contributes to a growing academic debate about the role of young people in safeguarding the memory of the past to support post-war rebuilding through physical urban reform and national rebranding. It also provides new opportunities for young people to amplify their voices after years of struggle. We pose the following question: How can the youth better leverage heritage to emphasise commonalities, cultural links, and educational understanding, which can break down ideological barriers and create sustainable peace? Through a critical thematic analysis of 45 open-ended interviews held in Iraq, we developed a set of recommendations that allows the youth to engage in dialogue around the country and its cultural heritage through oral history, testimonies, and documentaries. The outcomes of this research could enable the youth to reflect on their interpretation of heritage contestation and their active role towards safeguarding Iraq’s cultural heritage.

这篇文章为学术界日益激烈的讨论做出了贡献，讨论的主题是青年人在保护历史记忆方面的作用，以通过城市物质改革和国家品牌重塑支持战后重建。它还为年轻人在多年斗争后发出自己的声音提供了新的机会。我们提出以下问题：青年如何才能更好地利用遗产来强调共性、文化联系和教育理解，从而打破意识形态障碍，创造可持续的和平？通过对在伊拉克举行的 45 次开放式访谈进行批判性专题分析，我们提出了一系列建议，使青年能够通过口述历史、证词和纪录片，围绕国家及其文化遗产开展对话。这项研究的成果可以使青年反思他们对遗产争夺的理解以及他们在保护伊拉克文化遗产方面的积极作用。

引用次数: 0

(Re)calibrating heritage: Al-Jdeideh (post-)conflict transformations in Aleppo, Syria (重新）校准遗产：叙利亚阿勒颇的 Al-Jdeideh（冲突后）变革

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231220926

Diana Salahieh, Saeed Asaaed, Layla Zibar

This paper examines how armed conflict impacts the recalibration of Aleppo’s historic urban and cultural fabric, using the Al-Jdeideh quarter as a case study. This article critically reflects on the ongoing (post-)conflict, top-down (post-)reconstruction activities in Aleppo’s historic core, drawing on ethnographic research of visual mapping and semi-structured interviews with current Aleppo dwellers in the city and former dwellers displaced across Europe. Our findings highlight that the current reconstruction activities lack locals’ values and needs, and amplify the altered socio-economic dynamics between the (former) communities’ absence and presence. Therefore, these activities are resulting in a skewed representation of what once was a major hub of culture, commerce, heritage, and everyday life. As such, the paper argues that the current reconstruction attempts lack a comprehensive and context-specific approach, and need to explore more inclusive pathways of human-centered and sustainable recovery.

本文以 Al-Jdeideh 区为案例，探讨武装冲突如何影响阿勒颇历史城市和文化结构的重新调整。本文通过对阿勒颇市现有居民和在欧洲流离失所的前居民进行视觉测绘和半结构式访谈的人种学研究，对阿勒颇历史核心区正在进行的（冲突后）自上而下的（后）重建活动进行了批判性反思。我们的研究结果突出表明，当前的重建活动缺乏当地人的价值观和需求，并扩大了（前）社区缺席和在场之间的社会经济动态变化。因此，这些活动导致曾经是文化、商业、遗产和日常生活主要中心的地方被歪曲。因此，本文认为，目前的重建尝试缺乏全面和针对具体情况的方法，需要探索更具包容性的以人为本和可持续恢复的途径。

引用次数: 0

Iraqi heritage restoration, grassroots interventions and post-conflict recovery: reflections from Mosul 伊拉克遗产修复、基层干预和冲突后恢复：摩苏尔的思考

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231220908

Craig Larkin, Inna Rudolf

The deliberate targeting and violent destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq’s ancient city of Mosul by the Islamic State (2014–17) has recently given way to the emergence of heritage initiatives aimed at restoring its urban character and reviving its cosmopolitan spirit. Such restoration projects invariably stir debates over timing, funding and local consultation, as well as their potential to contribute to post-war social cohesion and communal healing. This article argues that in post-conflict settings heritage restoration is always an ambivalent and contingent process, involving the selective use of emotive historic symbols to create new realities. Based on 50 in-depth interviews with a diverse section of Moslawi society and site observations from Mosul (2022–23), the article explores local perspectives and the ongoing dynamic negotiation of heritage restoration. Amidst conflicting communal perceptions of large-scale internationally funded reconstruction projects, the article highlights the potential for grassroots heritage initiatives to offer a new impetus towards communal rehabilitation. The paper focuses on three less examined but locally championed Moslawi heritage sites—the souqs, Qila’yat district and heritage homes. These civic spaces may offer greater opportunity for social recovery through economic development, cultural exchange and everyday co-existence.

伊斯兰国对伊拉克古城摩苏尔的文化遗产进行蓄意攻击和暴力破坏（2014-17 年），最近出现了一些旨在恢复其城市特色和复兴其国际大都会精神的遗产项目。此类修复项目总会引发关于时间、资金和当地咨询的争论，以及关于其促进战后社会凝聚力和社区愈合的潜力的争论。本文认为，在冲突后环境中，遗产修复始终是一个矛盾和偶然的过程，涉及选择性地使用情感化的历史符号来创造新的现实。基于对摩苏尔（2022-23 年）社会各阶层的 50 次深入访谈和现场观察，文章探讨了当地人的观点和遗产修复的持续动态协商。在社区对国际资助的大规模重建项目看法不一的情况下，文章强调了基层遗产倡议为社区恢复提供新动力的潜力。文章重点介绍了三个研究较少但在当地广受欢迎的摩斯拉维遗产地--露天市场、Qila'yat 区和遗产之家。这些民间空间可通过经济发展、文化交流和日常共处为社会复兴提供更多机会。

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引用次数: 0

Crafting difference: artefacts and the politics of distinction at a South Indian well 制造差异:南印度一口井的人工制品和政治差异

2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231206836

Mannat Johal

This essay examines the relationship between artefact variability and social difference through an analysis of ceramic vessels recovered from the vicinity of a shared well used during the 12th–14th centuries CE at Maski (South India). Defined by minor yet perceptible differences in their appearance and morphology, ceramic vessels that were used and discarded in this space were more variable than contemporary assemblages excavated elsewhere at Maski, and in the region. Rather than attribute the particularities of this assemblage to the production process and its organization alone, I suggest that the distinctiveness of these containers was expedient for navigating the communal, yet fraught, space of the well. I consider historical and epigraphical material alongside the ceramic dataset at hand to propose that variability may not express or embody social difference, but be used to enact it.

本文通过对12 - 14世纪在Maski(南印度)共用一口井附近发现的陶瓷器皿的分析，考察了人工制品的可变性与社会差异之间的关系。在这个空间中使用和丢弃的陶瓷容器在外观和形态上有着细微但可察觉的差异，与Maski其他地方和该地区出土的当代组合相比，它们的变化更大。与其将这种组合的特殊性单独归因于生产过程及其组织，我认为这些容器的独特性是为了方便在井的公共空间中航行。我考虑了历史和铭文材料以及手头的陶瓷数据集，提出变异性可能不会表达或体现社会差异，而是用来制定它。

引用次数: 0

A mixed city or an ancient historical city? The malleability of heritage in rebranding Lydd 混合城市还是历史古城?Lydd品牌重塑中遗产的延展性

2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231207398

Mekarem Eljamal

At the national scale, Lydd is one of the “mixed cities” in Israel; however, to the Lydd municipality, the city is an “ancient historical city.” Through a discourse analysis of how the Lydd Municipality uses heritage as a tool to construct the city’s image as an “ancient historical city,” this article highlights how the two disparate urban identities align in producing and maintaining histories of colonial erasure. To the Lydd Municipality, the image of Lydd as an “ancient historical city” begins with the Shelby White and Leon Levy Lod Mosaic Archaeological Center, a pristine modern structure standing only a few blocks away from several abandoned and haphazardly cordoned-off ruins from the Ottoman era. Looking to municipal rhetorics and urban development plans for several of the heritage sites in the northeastern portion of the city, heritage is understood as a tool through which national priorities, municipal entrepreneurialism, and colonial erasure coalesce.

在全国范围内，Lydd是以色列的“混合城市”之一;然而，对Lydd市政府来说，这座城市是一座“古老的历史城市”。通过对Lydd市政当局如何利用遗产作为工具来构建城市形象作为一个“古老的历史城市”的话语分析，本文强调了两个不同的城市身份如何在产生和维护殖民抹除的历史中保持一致。对于Lydd市政府来说，Lydd作为一个“古老的历史城市”的形象始于Shelby White和Leon Levy Lod马赛克考古中心，这是一个原始的现代建筑，距离奥斯曼时代的几个废弃和随意封锁的废墟只有几个街区。看看城市东北部几个遗产遗址的市政修辞和城市发展计划，遗产被理解为一种工具，通过它，国家优先事项、市政企业家精神和殖民主义消除结合在一起。

引用次数: 0

Boundary-crossing as resilience: the colonisation of the Maya at Lamanai, Belize in the 16th century 跨越边界的韧性:16世纪，玛雅人在伯利兹的拉玛奈的殖民

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 Social Sciences

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231196887

Guo Peng Chen

During the Colonial Period, Maya communities underwent significant social and religious transformations. This paper investigates how the Maya communities of Lamanai, Belize maintained resilience in the 16th century. By examining ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence at Lamanai, especially zoomorphic effigies at two Christian churches, the study demonstrates that resilience was not solely a product of human agency but also arose from engagement with other species and materials. Drawing influence from process philosophy, this paper redefines resilience as a dynamic and creative process encompassing active adaptation, reorganisation, and transformation. It argues that the ability to cross boundaries is essential to resilience. Maya communities were able to transcend the boundaries of properties, entities, realities, and cultures, which enabled them to re-envision their relationships with others and the world. Boundary-crossing allowed them to navigate complex changes with ease and integrate diverse cultural elements into their identity, ultimately fostering resilience in the face of colonial challenges.

在殖民时期，玛雅社区经历了重大的社会和宗教变革。本文调查了伯利兹拉马奈的玛雅社区在16世纪是如何保持韧性的。通过检查拉马奈的民族历史和考古证据，特别是两座基督教教堂的动物肖像，该研究表明，复原力不仅是人类能动性的产物，还源于与其他物种和材料的接触。受过程哲学的影响，本文将弹性重新定义为一个动态的、创造性的过程，包括主动适应、重组和转变。它认为，跨越边界的能力对恢复力至关重要。玛雅社区能够超越财产、实体、现实和文化的界限，这使他们能够重新设想自己与他人和世界的关系。跨越边界使他们能够轻松应对复杂的变化，并将不同的文化元素融入他们的身份，最终培养他们在面对殖民挑战时的韧性。

引用次数: 0

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