Journal of Social Archaeology最新文献

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Archaeology, ethnography, and geosciences reveal central role of traditional lifeways in shaping Madagascar's dry forests. 考古学、人种学和地球科学揭示了传统生活方式在塑造马达加斯加干旱森林中的核心作用。

IF 1.6 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1177/14696053241260032

Dylan S Davis, Bram Tucker, Ricky Justome, Zafy Maharesy Chrisostome, Briand Venance Pierre, Alejandra I Domic, Leanne N Phelps, Abiola Ibirogba, Chiamaka Mangut, Carla E Klehm, Kristina Douglass

Many communities in southwestern Madagascar rely on a mix of foraging, fishing, farming, and herding, with cattle central to local cultures, rituals, and intergenerational wealth transfer. Today these livelihoods are critically threatened by the intensifying effects of climate change and biodiversity loss. Improved understanding of ancient community-environment dynamics can help identify pathways to livelihood sustainability. Multidisciplinary approaches have great potential to improve our understanding of human-environment interactions across spatio-temporal scales. We combine archaeological survey data, oral history interviews, and high-resolution multispectral PlanetScope imagery to explore 400 years of human-environment interaction in the Namonte Basin. Our analysis reveals that settlement and land-use led to significant changes in the region's ecology, both during periods of occupation and after settlement abandonment. Human activity over this period may have stabilized vegetative systems, whereby seasonal changes in vegetative health were reduced compared to surrounding locations. These ecological legacies may have buffered communities against unpredictable climate challenges.

马达加斯加西南部的许多社区以觅食、捕鱼、耕作和放牧为生，牛是当地文化、仪式和代际财富传承的核心。如今，气候变化和生物多样性丧失的影响日益加剧，这些生计受到严重威胁。加强对古老社区-环境动态的了解有助于确定生计可持续性的途径。多学科方法在提高我们对人类与环境跨时空尺度互动的理解方面具有巨大潜力。我们将考古调查数据、口述历史访谈和高分辨率多光谱 PlanetScope 图像结合起来，探索纳蒙特盆地 400 年来人类与环境的互动。我们的分析表明，定居和土地使用导致该地区的生态环境发生了重大变化，无论是在占领时期还是在定居放弃之后。这一时期的人类活动可能稳定了植被系统，与周围地区相比，植被健康状况的季节性变化减少了。这些生态遗产可能使社区免受不可预测的气候挑战的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Time to decolonise: ‘If not now’, then when? 非殖民化的时机："如果不是现在"，那是何时？

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231224321

Nour A. Munawar

The introduction of this special issue not only underscores the significance of engaging local communities in the reconstruction of their heritage in post-conflict contexts; it also emphasises the necessity and importance of including local researchers from the affected area, in this case the Arab region, in producing knowledge about its rich past. This special issue contributes towards a comparative knowledge base on the obstacles to and enablers of heritage reconstruction, management of cultural resources and recovery of societies in the Arab region. This introductory piece starts with examining the impact of colonial and post-colonial regimes on producing knowledge about the past and how the latter regimes introduced societal elitism in studying the past. I argue that by giving a voice and a chance to local scholars and early career researchers coming from the studied regions (even if they are currently based abroad), we would be taking another step towards decolonising the past by empowering societies and producing local decolonial knowledge about the region’s iconic ruins. Allowing alternative forms of non-Eurocentric (culturally diverse) knowledge production about the past, primarily generated by local scholars, to be introduced, presented, published and promoted would render knowledge production authentic and simultaneously delink heritage from decades of knowledge coloniality.

本特刊的导言不仅强调了让当地社区参与冲突后遗产重建的重要意义，还强调了让受影响地区（此处指阿拉伯地区）的当地研究人员参与了解其丰富历史的必要性和重要性。本特刊有助于建立一个比较知识库，了解阿拉伯地区遗产重建、文化资源管理和社会恢复的障碍和促进因素。这篇介绍性文章首先探讨了殖民政权和后殖民政权对创造有关过去的知识的影响，以及后殖民政权是如何在研究过去时引入社会精英主义的。我认为，让来自所研究地区的当地学者和早期职业研究人员（即使他们目前在国外）有发言权和机会，我们将通过赋予社会权力和创造有关该地区标志性遗址的当地非殖民化知识，向非殖民化迈出另一步。允许主要由当地学者创造的关于过去的非欧洲中心主义（文化多样性）知识生产的替代形式被引进、介绍、出版和推广，将使知识生产具有真实性，同时使遗产与数十年的知识殖民主义脱钩。

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引用次数: 0

Reactivating voices of the youth in safeguarding cultural heritage in Iraq: the challenges and tools 重新唤起伊拉克青年保护文化遗产的声音：挑战与工具

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231224037

Gehan Selim, S. Farhan

This article contributes to a growing academic debate about the role of young people in safeguarding the memory of the past to support post-war rebuilding through physical urban reform and national rebranding. It also provides new opportunities for young people to amplify their voices after years of struggle. We pose the following question: How can the youth better leverage heritage to emphasise commonalities, cultural links, and educational understanding, which can break down ideological barriers and create sustainable peace? Through a critical thematic analysis of 45 open-ended interviews held in Iraq, we developed a set of recommendations that allows the youth to engage in dialogue around the country and its cultural heritage through oral history, testimonies, and documentaries. The outcomes of this research could enable the youth to reflect on their interpretation of heritage contestation and their active role towards safeguarding Iraq’s cultural heritage.

这篇文章为学术界日益激烈的讨论做出了贡献，讨论的主题是青年人在保护历史记忆方面的作用，以通过城市物质改革和国家品牌重塑支持战后重建。它还为年轻人在多年斗争后发出自己的声音提供了新的机会。我们提出以下问题：青年如何才能更好地利用遗产来强调共性、文化联系和教育理解，从而打破意识形态障碍，创造可持续的和平？通过对在伊拉克举行的 45 次开放式访谈进行批判性专题分析，我们提出了一系列建议，使青年能够通过口述历史、证词和纪录片，围绕国家及其文化遗产开展对话。这项研究的成果可以使青年反思他们对遗产争夺的理解以及他们在保护伊拉克文化遗产方面的积极作用。

引用次数: 0

(Re)calibrating heritage: Al-Jdeideh (post-)conflict transformations in Aleppo, Syria (重新）校准遗产：叙利亚阿勒颇的 Al-Jdeideh（冲突后）变革

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231220926

Diana Salahieh, Saeed Asaaed, Layla Zibar

This paper examines how armed conflict impacts the recalibration of Aleppo’s historic urban and cultural fabric, using the Al-Jdeideh quarter as a case study. This article critically reflects on the ongoing (post-)conflict, top-down (post-)reconstruction activities in Aleppo’s historic core, drawing on ethnographic research of visual mapping and semi-structured interviews with current Aleppo dwellers in the city and former dwellers displaced across Europe. Our findings highlight that the current reconstruction activities lack locals’ values and needs, and amplify the altered socio-economic dynamics between the (former) communities’ absence and presence. Therefore, these activities are resulting in a skewed representation of what once was a major hub of culture, commerce, heritage, and everyday life. As such, the paper argues that the current reconstruction attempts lack a comprehensive and context-specific approach, and need to explore more inclusive pathways of human-centered and sustainable recovery.

本文以 Al-Jdeideh 区为案例，探讨武装冲突如何影响阿勒颇历史城市和文化结构的重新调整。本文通过对阿勒颇市现有居民和在欧洲流离失所的前居民进行视觉测绘和半结构式访谈的人种学研究，对阿勒颇历史核心区正在进行的（冲突后）自上而下的（后）重建活动进行了批判性反思。我们的研究结果突出表明，当前的重建活动缺乏当地人的价值观和需求，并扩大了（前）社区缺席和在场之间的社会经济动态变化。因此，这些活动导致曾经是文化、商业、遗产和日常生活主要中心的地方被歪曲。因此，本文认为，目前的重建尝试缺乏全面和针对具体情况的方法，需要探索更具包容性的以人为本和可持续恢复的途径。

引用次数: 0

Iraqi heritage restoration, grassroots interventions and post-conflict recovery: reflections from Mosul 伊拉克遗产修复、基层干预和冲突后恢复：摩苏尔的思考

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231220908

Craig Larkin, Inna Rudolf

The deliberate targeting and violent destruction of cultural heritage in Iraq’s ancient city of Mosul by the Islamic State (2014–17) has recently given way to the emergence of heritage initiatives aimed at restoring its urban character and reviving its cosmopolitan spirit. Such restoration projects invariably stir debates over timing, funding and local consultation, as well as their potential to contribute to post-war social cohesion and communal healing. This article argues that in post-conflict settings heritage restoration is always an ambivalent and contingent process, involving the selective use of emotive historic symbols to create new realities. Based on 50 in-depth interviews with a diverse section of Moslawi society and site observations from Mosul (2022–23), the article explores local perspectives and the ongoing dynamic negotiation of heritage restoration. Amidst conflicting communal perceptions of large-scale internationally funded reconstruction projects, the article highlights the potential for grassroots heritage initiatives to offer a new impetus towards communal rehabilitation. The paper focuses on three less examined but locally championed Moslawi heritage sites—the souqs, Qila’yat district and heritage homes. These civic spaces may offer greater opportunity for social recovery through economic development, cultural exchange and everyday co-existence.

伊斯兰国对伊拉克古城摩苏尔的文化遗产进行蓄意攻击和暴力破坏（2014-17 年），最近出现了一些旨在恢复其城市特色和复兴其国际大都会精神的遗产项目。此类修复项目总会引发关于时间、资金和当地咨询的争论，以及关于其促进战后社会凝聚力和社区愈合的潜力的争论。本文认为，在冲突后环境中，遗产修复始终是一个矛盾和偶然的过程，涉及选择性地使用情感化的历史符号来创造新的现实。基于对摩苏尔（2022-23 年）社会各阶层的 50 次深入访谈和现场观察，文章探讨了当地人的观点和遗产修复的持续动态协商。在社区对国际资助的大规模重建项目看法不一的情况下，文章强调了基层遗产倡议为社区恢复提供新动力的潜力。文章重点介绍了三个研究较少但在当地广受欢迎的摩斯拉维遗产地--露天市场、Qila'yat 区和遗产之家。这些民间空间可通过经济发展、文化交流和日常共处为社会复兴提供更多机会。

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引用次数: 0

Crafting difference: artefacts and the politics of distinction at a South Indian well 制造差异:南印度一口井的人工制品和政治差异

2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-10-27 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231206836

Mannat Johal

This essay examines the relationship between artefact variability and social difference through an analysis of ceramic vessels recovered from the vicinity of a shared well used during the 12th–14th centuries CE at Maski (South India). Defined by minor yet perceptible differences in their appearance and morphology, ceramic vessels that were used and discarded in this space were more variable than contemporary assemblages excavated elsewhere at Maski, and in the region. Rather than attribute the particularities of this assemblage to the production process and its organization alone, I suggest that the distinctiveness of these containers was expedient for navigating the communal, yet fraught, space of the well. I consider historical and epigraphical material alongside the ceramic dataset at hand to propose that variability may not express or embody social difference, but be used to enact it.

本文通过对12 - 14世纪在Maski(南印度)共用一口井附近发现的陶瓷器皿的分析，考察了人工制品的可变性与社会差异之间的关系。在这个空间中使用和丢弃的陶瓷容器在外观和形态上有着细微但可察觉的差异，与Maski其他地方和该地区出土的当代组合相比，它们的变化更大。与其将这种组合的特殊性单独归因于生产过程及其组织，我认为这些容器的独特性是为了方便在井的公共空间中航行。我考虑了历史和铭文材料以及手头的陶瓷数据集，提出变异性可能不会表达或体现社会差异，而是用来制定它。

引用次数: 0

A mixed city or an ancient historical city? The malleability of heritage in rebranding Lydd 混合城市还是历史古城?Lydd品牌重塑中遗产的延展性

2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231207398

Mekarem Eljamal

At the national scale, Lydd is one of the “mixed cities” in Israel; however, to the Lydd municipality, the city is an “ancient historical city.” Through a discourse analysis of how the Lydd Municipality uses heritage as a tool to construct the city’s image as an “ancient historical city,” this article highlights how the two disparate urban identities align in producing and maintaining histories of colonial erasure. To the Lydd Municipality, the image of Lydd as an “ancient historical city” begins with the Shelby White and Leon Levy Lod Mosaic Archaeological Center, a pristine modern structure standing only a few blocks away from several abandoned and haphazardly cordoned-off ruins from the Ottoman era. Looking to municipal rhetorics and urban development plans for several of the heritage sites in the northeastern portion of the city, heritage is understood as a tool through which national priorities, municipal entrepreneurialism, and colonial erasure coalesce.

在全国范围内，Lydd是以色列的“混合城市”之一;然而，对Lydd市政府来说，这座城市是一座“古老的历史城市”。通过对Lydd市政当局如何利用遗产作为工具来构建城市形象作为一个“古老的历史城市”的话语分析，本文强调了两个不同的城市身份如何在产生和维护殖民抹除的历史中保持一致。对于Lydd市政府来说，Lydd作为一个“古老的历史城市”的形象始于Shelby White和Leon Levy Lod马赛克考古中心，这是一个原始的现代建筑，距离奥斯曼时代的几个废弃和随意封锁的废墟只有几个街区。看看城市东北部几个遗产遗址的市政修辞和城市发展计划，遗产被理解为一种工具，通过它，国家优先事项、市政企业家精神和殖民主义消除结合在一起。

引用次数: 0

Boundary-crossing as resilience: the colonisation of the Maya at Lamanai, Belize in the 16th century 跨越边界的韧性:16世纪，玛雅人在伯利兹的拉玛奈的殖民

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231196887

Guo Peng Chen

During the Colonial Period, Maya communities underwent significant social and religious transformations. This paper investigates how the Maya communities of Lamanai, Belize maintained resilience in the 16th century. By examining ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence at Lamanai, especially zoomorphic effigies at two Christian churches, the study demonstrates that resilience was not solely a product of human agency but also arose from engagement with other species and materials. Drawing influence from process philosophy, this paper redefines resilience as a dynamic and creative process encompassing active adaptation, reorganisation, and transformation. It argues that the ability to cross boundaries is essential to resilience. Maya communities were able to transcend the boundaries of properties, entities, realities, and cultures, which enabled them to re-envision their relationships with others and the world. Boundary-crossing allowed them to navigate complex changes with ease and integrate diverse cultural elements into their identity, ultimately fostering resilience in the face of colonial challenges.

在殖民时期，玛雅社区经历了重大的社会和宗教变革。本文调查了伯利兹拉马奈的玛雅社区在16世纪是如何保持韧性的。通过检查拉马奈的民族历史和考古证据，特别是两座基督教教堂的动物肖像，该研究表明，复原力不仅是人类能动性的产物，还源于与其他物种和材料的接触。受过程哲学的影响，本文将弹性重新定义为一个动态的、创造性的过程，包括主动适应、重组和转变。它认为，跨越边界的能力对恢复力至关重要。玛雅社区能够超越财产、实体、现实和文化的界限，这使他们能够重新设想自己与他人和世界的关系。跨越边界使他们能够轻松应对复杂的变化，并将不同的文化元素融入他们的身份，最终培养他们在面对殖民挑战时的韧性。

引用次数: 0

Material assemblages and percolating pasts in Zigua households, north-eastern Tanzania 坦桑尼亚东北部Zigua家庭的材料组合和渗透过去

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231185636

P. Lane, Elias Michaut

The material culture and dwellings of the Zigua villages of Kwa Fungo and Kwengoma, in north-eastern Tanzania, bear the traces of complex social and historical dynamics. In this paper, we analyse household inventories and ethnographic interview data originally collected in 1991 by a team from the University of Dar es Salaam and the National Museum, Tanzania. We rely on oral histories as well as on Zigua epistemologies and ideas of percolating pasts to historicise and contextualise the processes that shaped the material world of these two village communities. The paper focuses on investigating the shift from round (msonge) to rectangular (banda) house-types, the household material changes generated by labour migrations and Nyerere’s Ujamaa, the materialisation of healing practices, and the formation of specific aspects of identity.

位于坦桑尼亚东北部的Kwa Fungo和Kwengoma的Zigua村庄的物质文化和住宅，带有复杂的社会和历史动态的痕迹。在本文中，我们分析了1991年由达累斯萨拉姆大学和坦桑尼亚国家博物馆的一个团队最初收集的家庭清单和人种学访谈数据。我们依靠口述历史、秭归认识论和渗透过去的思想，将塑造这两个村庄社区物质世界的过程历史化和文脉化。本文的重点是调查从圆形(msonge)到矩形(banda)房屋类型的转变，劳动力迁移和尼雷尔的Ujamaa所产生的家庭材料变化，治疗实践的物质化，以及身份的特定方面的形成。

引用次数: 0

Reclaiming heritage and citizenship: urban pre-colonial cultural heritage management and heritage grassroots organizations in Lima, Peru 回收遗产和公民身份:秘鲁利马城市前殖民文化遗产管理和遗产基层组织

IF 1.2 2区历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY

Journal of Social Archaeology

Pub Date : 2023-07-22 DOI: 10.1177/14696053231189947

Grace Alexandrino Ocaña

The material-centered cultural heritage management approach does not contemplate ordinary people’s closeness to heritage. Even after colonial relationships ended, colonial conceptions of what constitutes heritage drove national policy choices and state interventions regarding which elements of local history and culture should be valued and preserved and which could be destroyed and abandoned. Government rejection of non-elite populations and their connections to urban heritage resulted in the irrevocable destruction of important sites and traditions. But the rise of what I term heritage grassroots organizations (HGROs) has recently begun to reassert low-income and working-class citizens’ role in the recognition and preservation of heritage. Focusing on the emergence of HGROs in Lima, Peru, this article demonstrates how colonial heritage narratives formed, persisted, and have more recently been challenged by local populations whose daily lives are affected by materialist approaches to heritage. In doing so, these citizens simultaneously claim their rights to the past and to the city.

以物质为中心的文化遗产管理方法没有考虑到普通人对遗产的亲近。即使在殖民关系结束后，对什么是遗产的殖民概念也推动了国家政策选择和国家干预，即哪些地方历史和文化元素应该受到重视和保护，哪些可以被摧毁和抛弃。政府拒绝非精英人口及其与城市遗产的联系，导致重要遗址和传统遭到不可挽回的破坏。但我所说的遗产基层组织（HGRO）的兴起最近开始重申低收入和工薪阶层公民在承认和保护遗产方面的作用。本文以秘鲁利马HGRO的出现为中心，展示了殖民遗产叙事是如何形成、持续的，并且最近受到当地居民的挑战，他们的日常生活受到唯物主义遗产方法的影响。在这样做的过程中，这些公民同时主张他们对过去和城市的权利。

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引用次数: 2

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