自上而下培养自下而上的审查制度:民族主义与媒体限制

IF 4.1 1区 社会学 Q1 COMMUNICATION International Journal of Press-Politics Pub Date : 2023-05-11 DOI:10.1177/19401612231172306
N. Anderson, Aerin Commins, Jenifer Whitten-Woodring
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引用次数: 0

摘要

从美国总统唐纳德·特朗普在推特上称新闻媒体为“人民的敌人”,到匈牙利总理维克托·奥尔班成立政治任命的媒体管理局,民主国家和非民主国家的媒体自由都受到威胁。根据自由之家的数据,2016年,全球媒体自由度下降至2003年以来的最低水平,欧洲的地区降幅最大。我们调查了匈牙利和波兰政府与媒体之间的关系,并提出了一种理论,即民族主义情绪的兴起以及利用这种情绪鼓励自下而上审查的领导人导致了自上而下的媒体限制的增加。我们认为,自下而上的审查制度将削弱媒体的可信度,使人们更容易接受自上而下的媒体限制,这反过来可能导致第四阶层不受约束的民族主义。通过对《世界价值观调查》的多层次分析,我们分析了民族主义与媒体不信任之间的关系。利用一个跨国家的时间序列,我们分析了民族主义情绪与媒体限制之间的关系。我们发现,民族主义的加剧确实与媒体的不信任和媒体的限制有关。
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Fostering Bottom-Up Censorship From the Top-Down: Nationalism and Media Restrictions
From US President Donald Trump’s Tweet labeling news media “the enemy of the people” to Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán’s establishment of a politically appointed Media Authority, media freedom is under threat in democracies and nondemocracies alike. According to Freedom House, in 2016 media freedom declined globally to its lowest level since 2003, with Europe experiencing the largest regional decrease. We investigate the relationship between government and media in Hungary and Poland and develop a theory that the rise of nationalist sentiment and leaders who leverage this sentiment to encourage censorship from the bottom-up has led to increased media restrictions from the top-down. We posit that bottom-up censorship will erode media credibility and make people more accepting of top-down media restrictions, which could, in turn, lead to nationalism unchecked by the fourth estate. Using a multilevel analysis of World Values Survey, we analyze the relationship between nationalism and media distrust. Using a cross-national time series, we analyze the relationship between nationalist sentiment and media restrictions. We find that increased nationalism is indeed associated with media distrust and media restrictions.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.10
自引率
8.30%
发文量
61
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Press/Politics is an interdisciplinary journal for the analysis and discussion of the role of the press and politics in a globalized world. The Journal is interested in theoretical and empirical research on the linkages between the news media and political processes and actors. Special attention is given to the following subjects: the press and political institutions (e.g. the state, government, political parties, social movements, unions, interest groups, business), the politics of media coverage of social and cultural issues (e.g. race, language, health, environment, gender, nationhood, migration, labor), the dynamics and effects of political communication.
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