The Greek revolution: a critical dictionary

1. A pioneering study which generated much debate is Reşat Kasaba, Çağlar Keyder, and Faruk Tabak, “Eastern Mediterranean port cities and their bourgeoisies: merchants, political projects, and nation-states,” Review (Fernand Braudel Center) 10, no. 1 (1986): 121–135. 2. See, for example, Jens Hanssen, Thomas Philipp, and Stefan Weber (eds.), The empire in the city: Arab provincial capitals in the late Ottoman Empire (Würzburg: Ergon Verlag, 2002); Marie-Carmen Smyrnelis (ed.), Smyrne, la ville oubliée: mémoires d’un grand port ottoman, 1830–1930 (Paris : Éditions Autrement, 2006); Sibel Zandi-Sayek, Ottoman Izmir: the rise of a cosmopolitan port, 1840–1880 (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2012); Meltem Toksöz and Biray Kolluoğlu (eds.), Cities of the Mediterranean: from the Ottomans to the present day (London: I.B. Tauris, 2014); Will Hanley, Identifying with nationality: Europeans, Ottomans, and Egyptians in Alexandria (New York: Columbia University Press, 2017). 3. See, for example, Ilham Khuri-Makdisi, The Eastern Mediterranean and the making of global capitalism, 1860–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010); Julia A. ClancySmith, Mediterraneans: North Africa and Europe in the age of migration, c. 1800–1900 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2011); Judith E. Tucker (ed.), The making of the modern Mediterranean: views from the south (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019).