Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2264128
S. Henny, Richard J. Oosterhoff
This article opens a special issue on ”Pilgrim Knowledge” with a programmatic argument for knowledge-gathering practices as an intrinsic part of pilgrimage in the early modern Mediterranean. It addresses the history of travel, on the one hand, and the history of science and knowledge, on the other. The article then suggests that Christian pilgrimage set a special value on bodily experience, which in turn demanded practices of witnessing, collecting, comparing, codifying, and authenticating, here worked out through a range of examples. Matters of faith were also matters of fact.
{"title":"Knowing like a pilgrim","authors":"S. Henny, Richard J. Oosterhoff","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2264128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2264128","url":null,"abstract":"This article opens a special issue on ”Pilgrim Knowledge” with a programmatic argument for knowledge-gathering practices as an intrinsic part of pilgrimage in the early modern Mediterranean. It addresses the history of travel, on the one hand, and the history of science and knowledge, on the other. The article then suggests that Christian pilgrimage set a special value on bodily experience, which in turn demanded practices of witnessing, collecting, comparing, codifying, and authenticating, here worked out through a range of examples. Matters of faith were also matters of fact.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2267877
Rao Mohsin Ali Noor
{"title":"Taming the messiah: the formation of an Ottoman public sphere, 1600–1700","authors":"Rao Mohsin Ali Noor","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2267877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2267877","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2267293
Jonathan Rubin
Composed in the 1280s by a Dominican friar, Burchard of Mount Sion’s Descriptio Terre Sancte remained an influential account of the Holy Land for centuries. The impact of this text is reflected not only by the large number of extant manuscripts, but also by its rich printing history. And yet, although the Descriptio attracted considerable scholarly attention in the last decades, its shift into the world of print has not yet been studied. The aim of this paper is to explore this transition for the first time, focusing on the three earliest printed editions of the work. Inter alia, we examine the contexts within which the Descriptio was printed, the prologues which were appended to the Descriptio, the study aids added to it, and how its editors intervened in the text. This analysis reveals the range of ways in which early modern editors who appreciated the medieval Descriptio attempted to fit it into a cultural world whose intellectual culture was undergoing significant changes.
{"title":"Travelling in time and space: early modern variations on Burchard of Mount Sion’s Descriptio Terre Sancte","authors":"Jonathan Rubin","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2267293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2267293","url":null,"abstract":"Composed in the 1280s by a Dominican friar, Burchard of Mount Sion’s Descriptio Terre Sancte remained an influential account of the Holy Land for centuries. The impact of this text is reflected not only by the large number of extant manuscripts, but also by its rich printing history. And yet, although the Descriptio attracted considerable scholarly attention in the last decades, its shift into the world of print has not yet been studied. The aim of this paper is to explore this transition for the first time, focusing on the three earliest printed editions of the work. Inter alia, we examine the contexts within which the Descriptio was printed, the prologues which were appended to the Descriptio, the study aids added to it, and how its editors intervened in the text. This analysis reveals the range of ways in which early modern editors who appreciated the medieval Descriptio attempted to fit it into a cultural world whose intellectual culture was undergoing significant changes.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2267875
Jessica M. Marglin
Zionist activities in the Arab lands, Arab anti-Semitism, and an event like the Iraqi farhud are at the forefront of the narration, whereas the more positive sides of the historical encounter between Jews and Arabs – as well as the problems the migrants faced after arriving in Israel and while in the ma’abarot – receive much less attention.
{"title":"A Sephardi Sea: Jewish memories across the modern Mediterranean","authors":"Jessica M. Marglin","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2267875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2267875","url":null,"abstract":"Zionist activities in the Arab lands, Arab anti-Semitism, and an event like the Iraqi farhud are at the forefront of the narration, whereas the more positive sides of the historical encounter between Jews and Arabs – as well as the problems the migrants faced after arriving in Israel and while in the ma’abarot – receive much less attention.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2267874
Anthony L. Cardoza
{"title":"Rereading travelers to the east: shaping identities and building the nation in post-unifiction Italy","authors":"Anthony L. Cardoza","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2267874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2267874","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2267871
Nadine Kuperty-Tsur
{"title":"L’expérience du Levant à l’automne de la Renaissance. Le “Voyage de Constantinople”","authors":"Nadine Kuperty-Tsur","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2267871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2267871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2262883
Lea Debernardi
In his Terrae Sanctae Elucidatio (1639), Francesco Quaresmio devotes a digression to three highly peculiar objects: two plant roots grown into the shape of a crucifix (one of them discovered in the vicinity of Jerusalem), and a figure of the crucified Christ sprouted from a nut collected by a pilgrim near the Holy Sepulchre. This article explores the methods employed by Quaresmio in the study of these objects, which belonged to a larger group of images apparently produced by nature discussed in the works of late medieval and early modern travellers, religious writers, natural historians and antiquarians. It examines the use that Quaresmio made of autopsy, visual reproduction, and witness interviews in researching the history of the three crucifixes. At the same time, it shows how his adoption of empirical methods went hand in hand with devotional preoccupations, bringing to the forefront Quaresmio’s conception of the relationship between nature and the divine, as well as his belief in the complementarity of natural evidence, historical knowledge, and biblical exegesis.
弗朗切斯科-夸雷斯密奥 (Francesco Quaresmio) 在其《Terrae Sanctae Elucidatio》（1639 年）一书中花了大量篇幅论述了三个非常奇特的物体：两个长成十字架形状的植物根（其中一个是在耶路撒冷附近发现的），以及一个朝圣者在圣墓附近采集的坚果中长出的耶稣受难像。这些物品属于中世纪晚期和现代早期旅行家、宗教作家、自然历史学家和古物学家作品中讨论的一大批明显由自然生成的图像。该书探讨了夸雷斯密奥在研究这三个十字架的历史过程中对解剖、视觉再现和目击者访谈的运用。同时，该书还展示了他是如何将实证方法与虔诚的关注点结合在一起的，将夸雷斯密奥对自然与神灵之间关系的观念，以及他对自然证据、历史知识和圣经注释之间互补性的信念推到了前沿。
{"title":"Finding Christ in roots and seeds: crucifixes produced by nature in Quaresmio’s Terrae Sanctae Elucidatio","authors":"Lea Debernardi","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2262883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2262883","url":null,"abstract":"In his Terrae Sanctae Elucidatio (1639), Francesco Quaresmio devotes a digression to three highly peculiar objects: two plant roots grown into the shape of a crucifix (one of them discovered in the vicinity of Jerusalem), and a figure of the crucified Christ sprouted from a nut collected by a pilgrim near the Holy Sepulchre. This article explores the methods employed by Quaresmio in the study of these objects, which belonged to a larger group of images apparently produced by nature discussed in the works of late medieval and early modern travellers, religious writers, natural historians and antiquarians. It examines the use that Quaresmio made of autopsy, visual reproduction, and witness interviews in researching the history of the three crucifixes. At the same time, it shows how his adoption of empirical methods went hand in hand with devotional preoccupations, bringing to the forefront Quaresmio’s conception of the relationship between nature and the divine, as well as his belief in the complementarity of natural evidence, historical knowledge, and biblical exegesis.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2262129
Richard J. Oosterhoff
From the 1540s through the 1570s, some French travellers started to write in a distinctive cosmographical genre of singularités, a term that brought together the exotic and unusual with the factuality of first-person observation. Especially influential examples include the learned apothecary Pierre Belon du Mans’ Les observations de plusieurs singularités et choses mémorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Égypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges (1553). In the context of this special issue, the author offers Belon as a “hard” case for pushing the boundaries of “pilgrimage science”. The straightforward claim is that he depended on genres describing voyages to the Levant, extending back to fifteenth-century accounts by best-selling authors such as Hans Tucher, Felix Fabri, Bernhard von Breydenbach, and Arnold von Harff. More significantly, framed as a case in the formation of natural history as a discipline, Belon’s account of the balsam grove of Matarea lets us see how the practices of layering of observation into a fact could not separate science from pilgrimage. To make this point, Oosterhoff begins with the scholarship on Matarea and fact-making, before taking up the manner in which Matarea’s balsam was related in pilgrimage narratives from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He pauses briefly on the Renaissance topical theory that underpinned natural history, and examines Belon’s account itself as an archetypic case, one embedded in later natural histories – in much the same way that pilgrimage accounts drew upon one another.
{"title":"Pierre Belon’s singularity: pilgrim fact in Renaissance natural history","authors":"Richard J. Oosterhoff","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2262129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2262129","url":null,"abstract":"From the 1540s through the 1570s, some French travellers started to write in a distinctive cosmographical genre of singularités, a term that brought together the exotic and unusual with the factuality of first-person observation. Especially influential examples include the learned apothecary Pierre Belon du Mans’ Les observations de plusieurs singularités et choses mémorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Égypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges (1553). In the context of this special issue, the author offers Belon as a “hard” case for pushing the boundaries of “pilgrimage science”. The straightforward claim is that he depended on genres describing voyages to the Levant, extending back to fifteenth-century accounts by best-selling authors such as Hans Tucher, Felix Fabri, Bernhard von Breydenbach, and Arnold von Harff. More significantly, framed as a case in the formation of natural history as a discipline, Belon’s account of the balsam grove of Matarea lets us see how the practices of layering of observation into a fact could not separate science from pilgrimage. To make this point, Oosterhoff begins with the scholarship on Matarea and fact-making, before taking up the manner in which Matarea’s balsam was related in pilgrimage narratives from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. He pauses briefly on the Renaissance topical theory that underpinned natural history, and examines Belon’s account itself as an archetypic case, one embedded in later natural histories – in much the same way that pilgrimage accounts drew upon one another.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/09518967.2023.2266056
Estelle Ingrand-Varenne
The substantial two-volume work Terrae Sanctae Elucidatio (1639) by the Franciscan friar Francesco Quaresmio (b. Lodi, Italy, 1583–1656) is known as a veritable encyclopaedia on the Holy Land. It is also an itinerary of pilgrimage through the sacred sites, taking their monumentality and graphic landscape into account. Quaresmio was especially attentive to the Latin inscriptions made by the Crusaders, here copied by him as autoptic testimonies. This is part of a more general phenomenon. From the fifteenth century through to the seventeenth, in Europe this period is sometimes called the “Age of Inscriptions”, during which epigraphy was recognized as a source of ancient history on a par with philology and archaeology. The overall aim of the present article is to show how Quaresmio, while continuing a medieval tradition of Franciscan scholarship, improved upon epigraphical study by deploying a specific technology, namely the visual rendering of uncial inscriptions in printed form. His rigorous observations, however, would have come to naught without the technical mastery of the Flemish printer-typographer Balthasar Moretus (1574–1641). Following previous developments in pilgrimage literature, where inscriptions – especially the Crusader epitaphs at the foot of Calvary – were commonplace, Quaresmio studied inscriptions not only as texts, but also considered their formal and material aspects. Ultimately, the present study argues that these Latin epigraphic texts played a role in the man’s theological argumentation and in the defence of the loca sancta as Latin possession.
{"title":"Chiselled in rock, printed on paper: Francesco Quaresmio and the epigraphy of the Holy Land","authors":"Estelle Ingrand-Varenne","doi":"10.1080/09518967.2023.2266056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09518967.2023.2266056","url":null,"abstract":"The substantial two-volume work Terrae Sanctae Elucidatio (1639) by the Franciscan friar Francesco Quaresmio (b. Lodi, Italy, 1583–1656) is known as a veritable encyclopaedia on the Holy Land. It is also an itinerary of pilgrimage through the sacred sites, taking their monumentality and graphic landscape into account. Quaresmio was especially attentive to the Latin inscriptions made by the Crusaders, here copied by him as autoptic testimonies. This is part of a more general phenomenon. From the fifteenth century through to the seventeenth, in Europe this period is sometimes called the “Age of Inscriptions”, during which epigraphy was recognized as a source of ancient history on a par with philology and archaeology. The overall aim of the present article is to show how Quaresmio, while continuing a medieval tradition of Franciscan scholarship, improved upon epigraphical study by deploying a specific technology, namely the visual rendering of uncial inscriptions in printed form. His rigorous observations, however, would have come to naught without the technical mastery of the Flemish printer-typographer Balthasar Moretus (1574–1641). Following previous developments in pilgrimage literature, where inscriptions – especially the Crusader epitaphs at the foot of Calvary – were commonplace, Quaresmio studied inscriptions not only as texts, but also considered their formal and material aspects. Ultimately, the present study argues that these Latin epigraphic texts played a role in the man’s theological argumentation and in the defence of the loca sancta as Latin possession.","PeriodicalId":18431,"journal":{"name":"Mediterranean Historical Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139364218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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