High-fat diet and related obesity provoke neurotoxins and alter neuro-biomarkers involved in Parkinson's disease

Introduction

Parkinson's disease is considered one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases after Alzheimer's and is characterized by a complex pathological nature. Obesity is a highly prevalent disease that is key to many chronic diseases. Recent research has focused on the association between obesity, high-fat diets, neurotoxins, and Parkinson's disease.

Objectives

This review aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet on Parkinson's biomarkers in the brain and the mechanisms by which obesity related to a high-fat diet provokes neurotoxins and proteins and contributes to the development of Parkinson's.

Methods and materials

Data were collected by searching literature published in PubMed, Science Direct, or registered in clinicaTrials.gov between April/2022 to September/2022. Full-text relevant original articles were included, which were published from 2000 to 2022. The exclusion criteria were abstracts, conference proceedings, case reports, and non-English language studies.

Results and conclusion

Studies have shown an association between a high-fat diet (40–60%) and the alteration in Parkinson's biomarkers in the brain. Obesity and high fat intake alter Parkinson's biomarkers, provoke neurotoxins, and induce neurotoxicity and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons within weeks or months. Also, findings showed that studies focused on certain biomarkers and fat percentages. However, many did not mention the amount and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the dietary intervention, which could be a potential contributor. Therefore, more research is required to provide information about all biomarkers, especially those shared with Alzheimer's, and the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the neuroinflammation process.