Impact of various hematological and biochemical parameters in severe and nonsevere COVID-19 patients: A retrospective single-center study

Background: COVID-19 infection has been declared a pandemic in 2020 and since then it has been affecting the vast population of the world till today. Alteration of various hematological and biochemical parameters has been documented in various literatures. Aim: The aim of our study is to find out the prognostic role of hematological and biochemical parameters in severe and nonsevere COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective record-based study conducted in a district-level COVID hospital of West Bengal, India. The COVID-confirmed patients admitted to the hospital during the second wave of COVID were included and data from records, including laboratory investigations were collected from the hospital registry. The severity of COVID was categorized based on the national guidelines. Independent samples t-test was applied to find out any relation of hematological and biochemical parameters abnormality in relation to disease severity. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 94 COVID-confirmed cases were included in our study. Males constitute the majority of cases (51 males vs. 43 females). Seventeen cases were categorized as severe COVID (18.09%), whereas others were nonsevere COVID. Among hematological parameters, total leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were significantly altered among the severe compared to the nonsevere group (P < 0.05). While C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and serum ferritin levels also showed significant alteration among severe COVID patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that severe COVID patients were significantly associated with neutrophilia, raised NLR, CRP, D-dimer, and serum ferritin levels.