Background: Gastric diseases are commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori, by colonizing the mucosa of the gastric epithelium in more than half of the population worldwide. It has the ability for adhering to gastric epithelium, with an important aspect of the pathogenicity of the microorganism facilitating the transport of certain proteins such as CagA, sialic acid-binding adhesion (SabA), and outer inflammatory protein (Oip) into that epithelium. The LGR5 are markers that were recognized as cancer stem cells marker that have prognostic value in some disorders such as gastric cancers (GCs), metaplasia, and inflammation of gastric mucosa. This study aimed for determining the association between expression of LGR5 in patients with gastric diseases and the presence of some virulence genes (CagA, SabA and Oip). Patients, Material and Methods: For the 140 patients enrolled H. pylori virulence factors including (CagA, SabA and Oip) was detected using Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, while LGR5 expressions were carried out via immunohistochemistry. Results: SabA and Oip was significant difference with gastric disease such as GC, gastric metaplasia and gastritis with and without H. pylori. While no significant difference Cag gene with gastric disease due to all patient have Cag gene. LGR5 stem cell marker expression has significant difference with GC and gastric metaplasia. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in H. pylori Ag (SabA and Oip) expression among patients with gastric disease compared to the apparently normal individuals this might be able to be that H. pylori as one of the risk factor for developing cancer. However, no significant between H. pylori Cag Ag expression among patients with gastric disease due to all the patients infected with H. pylori has Cag gene (100%). It is suggested that LGR5 may play an important role in gastric carcinoma formation and may be used as a potential marker for the progression in patients with gastric disease.
{"title":"Analysis of correlation between the important Helicobacter pylori virulence genes (CagA, SabA and Oip) and gastric epithelial stem cells (LGR5) in patients with gastric disease","authors":"Safyia Abdullah, Wasan A. Bakir, Mais Alsikafi","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_5_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastric diseases are commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori, by colonizing the mucosa of the gastric epithelium in more than half of the population worldwide. It has the ability for adhering to gastric epithelium, with an important aspect of the pathogenicity of the microorganism facilitating the transport of certain proteins such as CagA, sialic acid-binding adhesion (SabA), and outer inflammatory protein (Oip) into that epithelium. The LGR5 are markers that were recognized as cancer stem cells marker that have prognostic value in some disorders such as gastric cancers (GCs), metaplasia, and inflammation of gastric mucosa. This study aimed for determining the association between expression of LGR5 in patients with gastric diseases and the presence of some virulence genes (CagA, SabA and Oip). Patients, Material and Methods: For the 140 patients enrolled H. pylori virulence factors including (CagA, SabA and Oip) was detected using Multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, while LGR5 expressions were carried out via immunohistochemistry. Results: SabA and Oip was significant difference with gastric disease such as GC, gastric metaplasia and gastritis with and without H. pylori. While no significant difference Cag gene with gastric disease due to all patient have Cag gene. LGR5 stem cell marker expression has significant difference with GC and gastric metaplasia. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in H. pylori Ag (SabA and Oip) expression among patients with gastric disease compared to the apparently normal individuals this might be able to be that H. pylori as one of the risk factor for developing cancer. However, no significant between H. pylori Cag Ag expression among patients with gastric disease due to all the patients infected with H. pylori has Cag gene (100%). It is suggested that LGR5 may play an important role in gastric carcinoma formation and may be used as a potential marker for the progression in patients with gastric disease.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48546441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical status due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormones by diffuse goiter (Grave's disease [GD]), multinodular goiter, single toxic adenoma, and pituitary adenoma secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) rarely. GD: It is diffuse toxic goiter (GD) or (Basedow disease) it is a triad of: Diffuse toxic goiter, hyperthyroidism, and exophthalmos (proptosis). Aims: 1. Positivity of TRAb and TPO in thyrotoxic subjects. 2. Correlation of the titer of these antibodies with the clinical status of the patients. 3. Correlation between TRAb and TPO titer. 4. To find out if TPO titer on enrollment has any correlation with the clinical status of the patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the National Diabetes Center–Mustansiriyah University in the period from November 2021 to April 2022 where 93 patients with GD are enrolled to check their thyroid status and check some biochemical variables in their sera as thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAB), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody, TSH, and free thyroxine (FT4). 44.6% are women and 35.7% are men, at the time of recreuitment 49.4% are toxic while the remaining 58.6% are euthyroid being on anti thyroid drugs. 87 persons are recruited as normal euthyroid, they are sex and age-matched, the control TRAb were negative. Results: GD patients are as follows: 54 (58.06%) euthyroid and 39 (41.94%) toxic at the time of recruitment. Eighty-two percent of toxic patients have goiter and 74.07% of euthyroid GD patients have goiter. Ophthalmopathy is found in (64.1% of toxic GD patients and 42.59% of euthyroid GD patients. TPO median in the control, toxic, and euthyroid GD patients is (22.76%), (75%) and (63.5%) (highest among toxic GD patients) (P < 0.001). TSH in the control group has a mean of (2.18 ± 1.72) and a median of (1.89). The TRAb is the highest in toxic GD patients, followed by euthyroid GD patients and the least in the control, its mean is (9.98 ± 8.42), (7.24 ± 7.8) and (0.93 ± 0.15), respectively. It is recommended to conduct a longitudinal study in which patients with GD are checked at variables times in the course of illness (remission and relapse) studying these biochemical and immunological markers in these variable states of thyroid function. Conclusion: Ninety-three thyrotoxic patients, 39 are toxic and 54 are euthyroid on arrival. Eye sings are more in toxic patients, goiter and eye signs are predictor of GD, TRAb is the highest among toxic patients, TPO are higher among GD patients versus the control.
{"title":"Thyroid receptor antibodies and thyroid peroxidase antibodies in a sample thyrotoxic patients: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Bahaa Mahdi, Z. Ashoor, Issam Salman","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_38_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_38_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical status due to hypersecretion of thyroid hormones by diffuse goiter (Grave's disease [GD]), multinodular goiter, single toxic adenoma, and pituitary adenoma secreting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) rarely. GD: It is diffuse toxic goiter (GD) or (Basedow disease) it is a triad of: Diffuse toxic goiter, hyperthyroidism, and exophthalmos (proptosis). Aims: 1. Positivity of TRAb and TPO in thyrotoxic subjects. 2. Correlation of the titer of these antibodies with the clinical status of the patients. 3. Correlation between TRAb and TPO titer. 4. To find out if TPO titer on enrollment has any correlation with the clinical status of the patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the National Diabetes Center–Mustansiriyah University in the period from November 2021 to April 2022 where 93 patients with GD are enrolled to check their thyroid status and check some biochemical variables in their sera as thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAB), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody, TSH, and free thyroxine (FT4). 44.6% are women and 35.7% are men, at the time of recreuitment 49.4% are toxic while the remaining 58.6% are euthyroid being on anti thyroid drugs. 87 persons are recruited as normal euthyroid, they are sex and age-matched, the control TRAb were negative. Results: GD patients are as follows: 54 (58.06%) euthyroid and 39 (41.94%) toxic at the time of recruitment. Eighty-two percent of toxic patients have goiter and 74.07% of euthyroid GD patients have goiter. Ophthalmopathy is found in (64.1% of toxic GD patients and 42.59% of euthyroid GD patients. TPO median in the control, toxic, and euthyroid GD patients is (22.76%), (75%) and (63.5%) (highest among toxic GD patients) (P < 0.001). TSH in the control group has a mean of (2.18 ± 1.72) and a median of (1.89). The TRAb is the highest in toxic GD patients, followed by euthyroid GD patients and the least in the control, its mean is (9.98 ± 8.42), (7.24 ± 7.8) and (0.93 ± 0.15), respectively. It is recommended to conduct a longitudinal study in which patients with GD are checked at variables times in the course of illness (remission and relapse) studying these biochemical and immunological markers in these variable states of thyroid function. Conclusion: Ninety-three thyrotoxic patients, 39 are toxic and 54 are euthyroid on arrival. Eye sings are more in toxic patients, goiter and eye signs are predictor of GD, TRAb is the highest among toxic patients, TPO are higher among GD patients versus the control.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44224128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sampriti Samanta, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bhattacherjee, Pallabi Dasgupta
Background: Despite opinions regarding safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy, they are approved for pregnant women. However, little is known about attitudes and perception of pregnant women toward COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: To find out COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, its predictors, and perceptions, among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital of India. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 pregnant women during 2021 using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire consisting of vaccination, obstetric history, and perception about COVID-19 vaccination. Those who took at least one dose of vaccine was considered vaccine acceptor. Chi-square test was performed to check association with independent variables for vaccine-acceptors and nonacceptors. Results: About 126 (70%) women were vaccine-acceptors and 54 (30%) were nonacceptors. Higher proportion of vaccine-acceptors were noted among those aged >20 years (P = 0.003), with previous pregnancy loss (83.3%) and problem in conceiving (71.4%), working mothers (72.7%), lower socioeconomic status (71.1%), and lower literacy (71.2%). Favorable attitudes toward COVID vaccine were present in most of the participants (72.8%). 74.6% of vaccine acceptors and 61.1% nonacceptors agreed to take vaccine on recommendation of health-care provider (P = 0.009). Significantly higher proportion of acceptors (43.7%) agreed to recommend another mother to take vaccine than nonacceptors (24.1%) (P=- 0.044). Significantly higher proportion of acceptors (84.9%) agreed to get vaccinated with precautionary dose if vaccination camp is organized (P = 0.039). Conclusion: A high level of vaccine acceptance was seen mostly because of the trust on health-care providers. Targeted efforts are required for health-care workers and public regarding vaccine literacy.
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital of India","authors":"Sampriti Samanta, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bhattacherjee, Pallabi Dasgupta","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_2_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_2_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite opinions regarding safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy, they are approved for pregnant women. However, little is known about attitudes and perception of pregnant women toward COVID-19 vaccination. Objective: To find out COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, its predictors, and perceptions, among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital of India. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 pregnant women during 2021 using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire consisting of vaccination, obstetric history, and perception about COVID-19 vaccination. Those who took at least one dose of vaccine was considered vaccine acceptor. Chi-square test was performed to check association with independent variables for vaccine-acceptors and nonacceptors. Results: About 126 (70%) women were vaccine-acceptors and 54 (30%) were nonacceptors. Higher proportion of vaccine-acceptors were noted among those aged >20 years (P = 0.003), with previous pregnancy loss (83.3%) and problem in conceiving (71.4%), working mothers (72.7%), lower socioeconomic status (71.1%), and lower literacy (71.2%). Favorable attitudes toward COVID vaccine were present in most of the participants (72.8%). 74.6% of vaccine acceptors and 61.1% nonacceptors agreed to take vaccine on recommendation of health-care provider (P = 0.009). Significantly higher proportion of acceptors (43.7%) agreed to recommend another mother to take vaccine than nonacceptors (24.1%) (P=- 0.044). Significantly higher proportion of acceptors (84.9%) agreed to get vaccinated with precautionary dose if vaccination camp is organized (P = 0.039). Conclusion: A high level of vaccine acceptance was seen mostly because of the trust on health-care providers. Targeted efforts are required for health-care workers and public regarding vaccine literacy.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Kidney stones are crystalline concrete that often develops inside the kidneys. Urinary tract problems are getting worse and worse for human health. The risk of end-stage kidney failure has been associated with increase the level of a new biomarker ( like xanthine oxidase) to assess severity of kidney injury. Methods: The eighty patients, who attended the government clinics in Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, and the forty healthy people were used as a control group. Colorimetric assays were used to assess serum xanthine oxidase (XO) and other biochemical parameters. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was determined. Results: The mean serum XO activity (8.8525 IU/L) was significantly greater than the corresponding values for the controls (6.5825 IU/L). Patients with kidney stones showed abnormal activity of uric acid levels in 78.33% of cases, while XO activity showed highly sensitive (70%) and high specificity (79%). XO has been found to be an excellent biomarker for detecting damage of the kidney in people suffering from kidney stones.
{"title":"Impact of activity of xanthine oxidase on some biomarkers in patients with kidney stones in Iraqi Patients","authors":"Ali Rasool, Mawj Razzak Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_27_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_27_23","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Kidney stones are crystalline concrete that often develops inside the kidneys. Urinary tract problems are getting worse and worse for human health. The risk of end-stage kidney failure has been associated with increase the level of a new biomarker ( like xanthine oxidase) to assess severity of kidney injury. Methods: The eighty patients, who attended the government clinics in Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, and the forty healthy people were used as a control group. Colorimetric assays were used to assess serum xanthine oxidase (XO) and other biochemical parameters. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was determined. Results: The mean serum XO activity (8.8525 IU/L) was significantly greater than the corresponding values for the controls (6.5825 IU/L). Patients with kidney stones showed abnormal activity of uric acid levels in 78.33% of cases, while XO activity showed highly sensitive (70%) and high specificity (79%). XO has been found to be an excellent biomarker for detecting damage of the kidney in people suffering from kidney stones.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41439501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The exaggerated cardiovascular response (hyper-reaction) to the cold pressor test (CPT) can predict whether hypertension will develop later on. The study aims to assess the profile blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes during CPT and the recovery from the pressor stimulus. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-four participants were asked to immerse their left hand in chilly water for 2 min, and the pressor response in terms of BP and HR changes during the ice-cold water immersion test and for 3 min (at 1-min interval) after the cessation of the test was recorded. The result of BP changes was expressed as a mean BP (MBP). The volunteer responses to CPT were classified as hyper-reactants if the change in BP (Δsystolic BP/Δdiastolic BP) was ≥22/18 mm. Results: The MBP of the systolic hyper-reactor (SHR) and diastolic hyper-reactor (DHR) volunteers was sustained at significantly high levels (by 20% and 25%, respectively) for a longer time (3 min) after the end of CPT relative to normal reactors (NRs). There was no change in MBP upon CPT in NR within the DHR group. The same general behavior was observed with heart rate in both groups (i.e. SHR and DHR). Conclusion: The hyper-reactors are characterized by an exaggerated increase in MBP and HR and a longer time for the MBP and HR to return to their baseline levels.
{"title":"Blood pressure and heart rate recovery in cold pressor hyper-reactor young males","authors":"Suzanna Adnan, F. Neda, Bassam Al-Gailani","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_32_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_32_23","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The exaggerated cardiovascular response (hyper-reaction) to the cold pressor test (CPT) can predict whether hypertension will develop later on. The study aims to assess the profile blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) changes during CPT and the recovery from the pressor stimulus. Subjects and Methods: Thirty-four participants were asked to immerse their left hand in chilly water for 2 min, and the pressor response in terms of BP and HR changes during the ice-cold water immersion test and for 3 min (at 1-min interval) after the cessation of the test was recorded. The result of BP changes was expressed as a mean BP (MBP). The volunteer responses to CPT were classified as hyper-reactants if the change in BP (Δsystolic BP/Δdiastolic BP) was ≥22/18 mm. Results: The MBP of the systolic hyper-reactor (SHR) and diastolic hyper-reactor (DHR) volunteers was sustained at significantly high levels (by 20% and 25%, respectively) for a longer time (3 min) after the end of CPT relative to normal reactors (NRs). There was no change in MBP upon CPT in NR within the DHR group. The same general behavior was observed with heart rate in both groups (i.e. SHR and DHR). Conclusion: The hyper-reactors are characterized by an exaggerated increase in MBP and HR and a longer time for the MBP and HR to return to their baseline levels.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aseel Al Dayyeni, Bassam Al-Gailani, Mohammed Mahdi
Background: Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are a part of the BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that harbor mutation in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), CALR, or MPL gene. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of JAK2 and CALR mutations on the clinical course and hematological phenotype of ET patients and to evaluate the biological and clinical features of ET and PV sharing the same type of mutation in JAK2V617F. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 94 patients diagnosed with MPN, of them 47 had PV and 47 had ET. JAK2V617F mutation was assessed using either allele-specific PCR or JAK-2 quantitative real-time PCR kit. JAK2-negative patients were further assessed for the existence of CALR mutations using SNP biotechnology MPN screening kit. Results: JAK2 mutation was identified in 29 ET patients, whereas CALR mutations were confirmed in 18 patients. JAK2-mutated ET patients were significantly older than those with CALR mutations. Seventy-six were reported to have a mutation in JAKV617F, of them 47 were diagnosed as PV and 29 as ET. JAK2V617F-mutated PV patients had significantly higher levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and WBC than JAK2-mutated ET patients. On the other hand, JAK2-mutated PV patients exhibited lower platelet count than ET harboring the same mutation. Conclusion: JAK2-mutated ET represents a distinct clinical entity that has a hematological and clinical phenotype ranging between JAK2-mutated PV and CALR-mutated ET. The analysis of the mutational status is essential in discriminating subtypes of MPN and confirming the diagnosis in ET and PV patients.
{"title":"Mutation status defines subtypes of essential thrombocythemia and relation to polycythemia vera in Iraqi Patients","authors":"Aseel Al Dayyeni, Bassam Al-Gailani, Mohammed Mahdi","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) are a part of the BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that harbor mutation in Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), CALR, or MPL gene. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of JAK2 and CALR mutations on the clinical course and hematological phenotype of ET patients and to evaluate the biological and clinical features of ET and PV sharing the same type of mutation in JAK2V617F. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 94 patients diagnosed with MPN, of them 47 had PV and 47 had ET. JAK2V617F mutation was assessed using either allele-specific PCR or JAK-2 quantitative real-time PCR kit. JAK2-negative patients were further assessed for the existence of CALR mutations using SNP biotechnology MPN screening kit. Results: JAK2 mutation was identified in 29 ET patients, whereas CALR mutations were confirmed in 18 patients. JAK2-mutated ET patients were significantly older than those with CALR mutations. Seventy-six were reported to have a mutation in JAKV617F, of them 47 were diagnosed as PV and 29 as ET. JAK2V617F-mutated PV patients had significantly higher levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and WBC than JAK2-mutated ET patients. On the other hand, JAK2-mutated PV patients exhibited lower platelet count than ET harboring the same mutation. Conclusion: JAK2-mutated ET represents a distinct clinical entity that has a hematological and clinical phenotype ranging between JAK2-mutated PV and CALR-mutated ET. The analysis of the mutational status is essential in discriminating subtypes of MPN and confirming the diagnosis in ET and PV patients.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47127821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite (Toxoplasma gondii). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a protein receptor that acts as an immunological checkpoint and reduces immune responses. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of CTLA-4 protein in women with different toxoplasmosis stages and observed its role in the occurrence of abortion. Materials and Methods: Anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in the sera of 116 patients with toxoplasmosis (46 aborted infected groups, 35 pregnant infected groups, and 35 married infected groups). Furthermore, this test was done for 70 control samples (35 aborted women without toxoplasmosis infection and 35 healthy women). As a final point, all samples were examined to measure the level of CTLA-4 using ELISA kits (MyBioSource. Com., Ltd., USA). Results: Results showed that a higher level of CTLA-4 was seen in the aborted women group 34 (73.9%) than in other infected groups, and the highest CTLA-4 levels were seen in IgG positive, 20 (43.47%) of 46 in the same group, than other types of antibodies. Furthermore, the highest concentration (948.2 ± 269.4 ng/ml) was indicated in the same group and type of antibodies, with a cutoff value of 597.0 ng/ml (71.7% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the CTLA-4 level can be used as a predicted and supported factor for the occurrence of abortion in women infected with toxoplasmosis, especially in the chronic type of the disease (IgG-positive) with a cutoff value of 597.0 ng/ml with 71.7% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity.
{"title":"Effect of Toxoplasma gondii on the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 in women with toxoplasmosis","authors":"Sura Sultan, A. Al-Kuraishi, Ali Hussein Mahdi","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite (Toxoplasma gondii). Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) is a protein receptor that acts as an immunological checkpoint and reduces immune responses. Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of CTLA-4 protein in women with different toxoplasmosis stages and observed its role in the occurrence of abortion. Materials and Methods: Anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in the sera of 116 patients with toxoplasmosis (46 aborted infected groups, 35 pregnant infected groups, and 35 married infected groups). Furthermore, this test was done for 70 control samples (35 aborted women without toxoplasmosis infection and 35 healthy women). As a final point, all samples were examined to measure the level of CTLA-4 using ELISA kits (MyBioSource. Com., Ltd., USA). Results: Results showed that a higher level of CTLA-4 was seen in the aborted women group 34 (73.9%) than in other infected groups, and the highest CTLA-4 levels were seen in IgG positive, 20 (43.47%) of 46 in the same group, than other types of antibodies. Furthermore, the highest concentration (948.2 ± 269.4 ng/ml) was indicated in the same group and type of antibodies, with a cutoff value of 597.0 ng/ml (71.7% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the CTLA-4 level can be used as a predicted and supported factor for the occurrence of abortion in women infected with toxoplasmosis, especially in the chronic type of the disease (IgG-positive) with a cutoff value of 597.0 ng/ml with 71.7% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45845278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Belabbassi, Sarrah Ziane, Abderezzak Bouamra, H. Kaced
Background: The objective of our study is to investigate the relationship between ligament hyperlaxity and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) within other risk factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a matched case–control study in adolescents aged 9–15 years. We matched the age and sex of adolescents with AIS to their healthy controls. The AIS is defined by a Cobb angle of 10° and the ligament hyperlaxity is defined by a Beighton score ≥4. The two parameters were identified blindly. Other risk factors for AIS were analyzed. The multivariate analysis by simple logistic regression was carried out. Results: We analyzed 430 adolescents, among them 215 subjects with AIS were paired with 215 healthy controls. The sex ratio (female/male) is 1.46. Scoliotics showed a significantly higher rate of joint hyperlaxity than controls, P < 0.003 (61.4% vs. 46.5%) with an odds ratio (Orb) of 1.83 confidence interval (CI) (1.25–2.68). The multivariate analysis by logistic regression revealed three predictors of AIS which are ligament hyperlaxity ORa = 1.82 CI (1.23–2.69) P < 0.003, the existence of similar cases in the ORa family = 1.94 (1.24–3.03) P < 0.002 and a trunk growth spurt ≥4 cm/6 months ORa = 1.62 (1.09–2.4) P < 0.02. Conclusion: There is a potential relationship between ligament hyperlaxity and the occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Two other predictors were detected, similar cases of scoliosis in the family and the trunk growth spurt.
{"title":"Study of the link between ligament laxity and the occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents","authors":"H. Belabbassi, Sarrah Ziane, Abderezzak Bouamra, H. Kaced","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_60_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_60_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The objective of our study is to investigate the relationship between ligament hyperlaxity and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) within other risk factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a matched case–control study in adolescents aged 9–15 years. We matched the age and sex of adolescents with AIS to their healthy controls. The AIS is defined by a Cobb angle of 10° and the ligament hyperlaxity is defined by a Beighton score ≥4. The two parameters were identified blindly. Other risk factors for AIS were analyzed. The multivariate analysis by simple logistic regression was carried out. Results: We analyzed 430 adolescents, among them 215 subjects with AIS were paired with 215 healthy controls. The sex ratio (female/male) is 1.46. Scoliotics showed a significantly higher rate of joint hyperlaxity than controls, P < 0.003 (61.4% vs. 46.5%) with an odds ratio (Orb) of 1.83 confidence interval (CI) (1.25–2.68). The multivariate analysis by logistic regression revealed three predictors of AIS which are ligament hyperlaxity ORa = 1.82 CI (1.23–2.69) P < 0.003, the existence of similar cases in the ORa family = 1.94 (1.24–3.03) P < 0.002 and a trunk growth spurt ≥4 cm/6 months ORa = 1.62 (1.09–2.4) P < 0.02. Conclusion: There is a potential relationship between ligament hyperlaxity and the occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents. Two other predictors were detected, similar cases of scoliosis in the family and the trunk growth spurt.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43436175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The carrying angle (CA) is an acute angle occurring between the longitudinal axis of the upper arm and that of the extended and supinated forearm. CA allows swinging of the upper limb without hitting the pelvis. It appears to be larger in females than in males and also shows some variation to anthropometric parameters. Knowledge of CAs is valuable for orthopedic surgeons and biomedical engineers as well as for forensic specialists and anthropologists. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the normal range of CA among Iraqi population. Materials and Methods: The CAs of the right and the left upper limbs was measured by a clinical goniometer in 200 medical students. Analysis for differences was performed according to gender, laterality, height, weight, and hip circumference (HC). Results: The mean right CA in men was 9° and in women was 10.75°, while the mean left CA was 8.76° in men and 10.51° in women. The mean CA in females is significantly larger than in males. The mean CA of the right elbow was greater than that of the left. The mean CA shows a positive correlation with the individual height, weight, and HC. Conclusion: The study fortifies the knowledge of the standard range of CA of the elbow in a study population of apparently healthy Iraqi medical students and tries to make a reference value to be used for orthopedic surgeons, biomedical engineers as well as for forensic specialists and anthropologists.
{"title":"Morphometric measurements of carrying angle of the elbow among sample of Iraqi medical students: An observational, cross-sectional study","authors":"Mohammed Assi","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_25_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The carrying angle (CA) is an acute angle occurring between the longitudinal axis of the upper arm and that of the extended and supinated forearm. CA allows swinging of the upper limb without hitting the pelvis. It appears to be larger in females than in males and also shows some variation to anthropometric parameters. Knowledge of CAs is valuable for orthopedic surgeons and biomedical engineers as well as for forensic specialists and anthropologists. Aims: The aim of the study is to evaluate the normal range of CA among Iraqi population. Materials and Methods: The CAs of the right and the left upper limbs was measured by a clinical goniometer in 200 medical students. Analysis for differences was performed according to gender, laterality, height, weight, and hip circumference (HC). Results: The mean right CA in men was 9° and in women was 10.75°, while the mean left CA was 8.76° in men and 10.51° in women. The mean CA in females is significantly larger than in males. The mean CA of the right elbow was greater than that of the left. The mean CA shows a positive correlation with the individual height, weight, and HC. Conclusion: The study fortifies the knowledge of the standard range of CA of the elbow in a study population of apparently healthy Iraqi medical students and tries to make a reference value to be used for orthopedic surgeons, biomedical engineers as well as for forensic specialists and anthropologists.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41795940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Lead is a highly toxic metal and a very strong poison. Most of the time, lead poisoning builds up slowly. It follows repeated exposures to small quantities of lead. Signs of repeated lead include high blood pressure, numbness or tingling in the extremities, memory loss, anemia, and kidney dysfunction. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the blood lead level (BLL) among sample of adult patients attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital aged ≥30 years old and to find if there is any association between BLL and renal impairment. Subjects and Methods: Across sectional study was conducted from January 2 to May 31, 2022. Sample involved selection of adults of both sexes who attend Baghdad Teaching Hospital outpatient clinic for nonrenal medical problems. Inclusion criteria include adults aged ≥30 years old, with no history of drugs that change creatinine level and not malnourished. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured for all participants according to the Cockcroft equation depending on serum creatinine, age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index. Blood sample was taken for measure lead level in toxicology center in Baghdad medical city using whole blood samples not <2.5 ml for each participant, and the collection of data was taken by interview using especial questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken as ethical issue from each participant in the study. Results: A total of 239 participants were involved in this study. The mean BLL was 23.57 μg/dl. BLL for all was ranged between the values 17 μg/dl and 33 μg/dl for both sexes. The study showed a significant association between BLL and GFR rate. Conclusions: BLL was higher than normal cut point used in the study which is 10 μg/dl. About one-third of participants had risk of kidney disease with GFR (60–90) ml/min/1.73 m2; they were considered asymptomatic renal impairment.
{"title":"Blood lead level and renal function: Sample of Iraqi patients attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital in 2022","authors":"Aseel Fadhil, Mazin Al-Rubaey","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_15_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_15_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lead is a highly toxic metal and a very strong poison. Most of the time, lead poisoning builds up slowly. It follows repeated exposures to small quantities of lead. Signs of repeated lead include high blood pressure, numbness or tingling in the extremities, memory loss, anemia, and kidney dysfunction. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to measure the blood lead level (BLL) among sample of adult patients attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital aged ≥30 years old and to find if there is any association between BLL and renal impairment. Subjects and Methods: Across sectional study was conducted from January 2 to May 31, 2022. Sample involved selection of adults of both sexes who attend Baghdad Teaching Hospital outpatient clinic for nonrenal medical problems. Inclusion criteria include adults aged ≥30 years old, with no history of drugs that change creatinine level and not malnourished. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured for all participants according to the Cockcroft equation depending on serum creatinine, age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index. Blood sample was taken for measure lead level in toxicology center in Baghdad medical city using whole blood samples not <2.5 ml for each participant, and the collection of data was taken by interview using especial questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken as ethical issue from each participant in the study. Results: A total of 239 participants were involved in this study. The mean BLL was 23.57 μg/dl. BLL for all was ranged between the values 17 μg/dl and 33 μg/dl for both sexes. The study showed a significant association between BLL and GFR rate. Conclusions: BLL was higher than normal cut point used in the study which is 10 μg/dl. About one-third of participants had risk of kidney disease with GFR (60–90) ml/min/1.73 m2; they were considered asymptomatic renal impairment.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41516086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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