提高学校效率:荷兰学校医生和儿童健康的意义(1930-1970年)

IF 0.3 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES HSE-Social and Education History Pub Date : 2017-06-22 DOI:10.17583/HSE.2017.2663
N. Bakker
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引用次数: 1

摘要

本文探讨了荷兰学校医生应用儿童健康的意义,以及如何适应二战后生活水平迅速提高和心理健康日益重要的情况。它专注于国家话语和学校医生的日常活动。后者选择了格罗宁根省的农村,这是一个相对贫困的地区。尽管有人声称,他们的职业订阅了世卫组织1948年引入的一种新的、积极的和包容性的健康概念,但格罗宁根学校的医生们继续使用“健康”学校儿童的负面概念,直到二战后。这是一个没有被疾病或护士或任何其他“异常”抛弃的孩子。他们包括学校体检的原始目的:通过减少可能威胁学生学习能力的危险来提高学校的效率。在战后几年,这些威胁更多地发生在不利的学校气氛中,班级太大,智力工作太多,造成了“心理负担过重”。在这样做时,他们通过将身心健康联系起来,使他们的健康概念更加包容。摘要本文探讨了荷兰学校医生在1930年至1970年间实施的儿童健康的意义,以及它如何反映二战后生活水平的迅速提高和心理健康日益重要。它的重点是国家演讲和学校医生的日常活动。关于后者,对格罗宁根省的农村地区进行了研究。尽管有人声称他们的职业遵循了世界卫生组织1948年提出的一个新的、积极的和包容性的健康概念,但格罗宁根的学校医生继续使用“健康”学童的负面概念,直到第二次世界大战后很久:一个没有受到疾病或疾病或任何其他“异常”影响的儿童。这些都坚持学校体检的最初目标:通过减少对学生学习能力的潜在威胁来提高学校效率。在战后年代,学校医生经常将这些威胁与不利的学校气氛联系起来。过大的班级和沉重的学业负担被认为是导致“心理负担过重”的因素。因此,学校医生通过将身体健康与心理健康联系起来,改变了他们的健康概念,使其更具包容性。
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Promoting school efficiency: Dutch school doctors and the meaning of child health (1930-1970)
This paper explores the meaning of child health as applied by Dutch school doctors and the way it was adapted to the rapidly improving standard of living and the increasing importance of mental health after World War II. It focuses on both the national discourse and school doctors’ daily activities. For the latter the countryside of the Province of Groningen, a relatively poor area, is chosen. Despite assertions that their profession subscribed to a new, positive and inclusive, concept of health, introduced by the WHO in 1948, the Groningen school doctors continued to use a negative concept of a “healthy” schoolchild until well after world War II. It was a child that was not bothered by diseases or infirmities or any other “abnormalities”. They clung to the original aim of school medical inspection: the promotion of the school’s efficiency by the reduction of possible dangers threatening pupils’ learning capacity. In the postwar years these threats were more often found in an unfavorable school climate, with too large classes and too much intellectual work, producing “mental overburdening”. In doing so they made their concept of health more inclusive by linking up physical and mental health. Resumen Este trabajo explora el significado de la salud infantil, aplicado por los medicos escolares holandeses entre 1930 y 1970, y la forma en que ello reflejo el rapido aumento del nivel de vida y la creciente importancia de la salud mental despues de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Este se centra tanto en el discurso nacional como en las actividades diarias de los medicos escolares. En relacion a este ultimo, se ha estudiado la zona rural de la provincia de Groningen. A pesar de las afirmaciones de que su profesion se habia adherido a un concepto nuevo, positivo e inclusivo de la salud, introducido por la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud en 1948, los medicos escolares de Groningen continuaron utilizando un concepto negativo de escolares «sanos» hasta mucho despues de la Segunda Guerra Mundial: un nino o nina que no habia estado afectado por enfermedades o dolencias o cualquier otra "anormalidad". Estos se aferraban al objetivo original de la inspeccion medica escolar: la promocion de la eficiencia escolar mediante la reduccion de las posibles amenazas a la capacidad de aprendizaje del alumnado. En los anos de la posguerra, los medicos escolares a menudo asociaban estas amenazas con un clima escolar desfavorable. Las clases excesivamente grandes y las fuertes cargas academicas se consideraron factores que conducian a la "sobrecarga mental." Por lo tanto, los doctores escolares cambiaron su concepto de la salud al vincular salud fisica a salud mental para que este fuera mas inclusivo.
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来源期刊
HSE-Social and Education History
HSE-Social and Education History HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES-
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Social and Education History, aims to closely connect these two fields of study, by publishing relevant articles focused on both the analysis of societies and, the socialization processes and cultural and educational transmission. It focuses on the study of social change and transformation periods. It includes the analysis of social and pedagogical thought, as well as the teaching of history. It is open to all historical periods. The journal comprises the analysis of all learning, cultural transmission and socialization processes, together with social analysis. It brings together education and society, and enhances the role of education in the learning processes and development of societies. Furthermore, it includes the study of social and pedagogical thought and the teaching of history, and as there is no limitation of time period, this journal achieves an integrating dimension regarding the study of history that a vast majority of publications do not have. Social and Education History is a digital and free publication, which aims at disseminating scientific knowledge and generating debate in order to promote an active history addressed to reflect on the past, the present and the future, and at the same time to be useful in deepening in the values of democracy and social justice. The journal publishes research articles, reviews, monographs, and articles on doctoral dissertations, about social and educational history. It is a four-monthly publication and multilingual. HSE publishes articles in English and Spanish. This journal has two sections, one for articles and another for book reviews. This journal includes articles about ended or in progress scientific inquiries. The journal publishes reviews of books that have been recently published in the field of education or other disciplines and of international interest.
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