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La Educación para la Salud de la Cátedra Ambulante de Huelva (1956-1977) Huelva巡回主席的健康教育(1956-1977)
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11540
Heliodoro Manuel Pérez Moreno, Francisca Mª. García Padilla, J. González-Sanz, Cristina Teresa-Morales
Con el objetivo de identificar la labor educadora en materia de salud realizada por las divulgadoras sanitario-sociales de las Cátedras Ambulantes de la Sección Femenina en la provincia de Huelva durante el periodo de 1956 a 1977, se ha realizado este estudio histórico, consultando fuentes primarias encontradas en el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Huelva. A través del Programa de Puericultura e Higiene, el curso de Madres Ejemplares, el curso de Socorrismo y otras acciones específicas se pretendió mejorar la Higiene y la Salud Pública en los 61 municipios donde la cátedra llegó, alcanzando con sus actuaciones a gran parte de la población de estas zonas rurales. Las principales destinatarias fueron las mujeres, pero los hombres también participaron en esta formación, recibiendo cursos de Higiene. La divulgadora de la Cátedra Ambulante contó con el apoyo de otros agentes sanitarios en su labor educadora, principalmente, el médico de la localidad, el practicante, o personal sanitario de empresas de la zona. La elevada asistencia y motivación por el programa de Educación para la Salud estuvo impulsado por la aplicabilidad del aprendizaje en lo cotidiano para satisfacer la necesidad de mejorar el estado de salud en un medio con escasos recursos.
与目标识别的健康教育工作,各生殖sanitario-sociales讲堂女犯部游牧式韦尔瓦省在1956年至1977年期间进行了这项研究,查阅历史,韦尔瓦省历史文件中遇到的主要来源。通过儿童和卫生方案,母亲册,人员分配和其他具体行动改善卫生和公共卫生在61个乡镇,采取的行动是教授来到这些农村人口的一大部分。妇女是主要目标群体,但男子也参加了卫生课程。巡回主席的推广人员在其教育工作中得到了其他卫生工作者的支持,主要是当地医生、从业人员或该地区公司的卫生人员。健康教育方案的高出席率和动机是由日常学习的适用性推动的,以满足在资源匮乏的环境中改善健康状况的需要。
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引用次数: 0
Public Opinion, Democracy, and the Armed Forces: Chile before the 1973 Military Coup 舆论、民主与武装力量:1973年军事政变前的智利
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11582
Mario Herrera, Mauricio Morales
The 1973 military coup in Chile was one of the most violent in Latin America. In an environment of high political polarization and poor economic indicators, the Chilean Armed Forces overthrew President Salvador Allende. There is extensive literature discussing the political and institutional causes of the military coup without much reference to the characteristics of public opinion. Based on surveys conducted in 1972 and 1973, we evaluated support for a military government and the Armed Forces’ image in a context of high political upheaval. We found that months before the military coup, about 25% supported a military government and the Armed Forces also had broad popular support, being perceived as reliable and politically neutral actors. Although there is some consensus on the insurrectionary character of the Armed Forces before the military coup, we conclude that this image was far from being reflected in public opinion.
1973年发生在智利的军事政变是拉丁美洲最暴力的政变之一。在政治高度两极化和经济指标不佳的环境下,智利武装部队推翻了总统萨尔瓦多·阿连德。有大量文献讨论军事政变的政治和制度原因,但没有太多提及民意的特点。根据1972年和1973年进行的调查,我们评估了在高度政治动荡的背景下对军政府和武装部队形象的支持。我们发现,在军事政变发生的几个月前,约有25%的人支持军政府,武装部队也得到了广泛的民众支持,被认为是可靠的、政治中立的行为者。虽然对军事政变前武装部队的叛乱性质有一些共识,但我们得出的结论是,这种形象远远没有在公众舆论中得到反映。
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引用次数: 0
From Integration to Marginalization 从整合到边缘化
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11060
Hendra Kurniawan, N. Supriatna, A. Mulyana, Leli Yulifar
This study analyzes changes in the representation of the Chinese Indonesian or Tionghoa in history textbooks in Indonesia. There are two history textbooks under study, each published during the Guided Democracy and New Order periods. The focus of this study is on the topic of the Chinese people’s resistance to colonialism. A qualitative approach is used in this study with the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) method. The results show that there has been a change in the discourse of the representation of the Chinese Indonesian in history textbooks. During the Guided Democracy period, the Chinese were represented by a discourse of integration as part of the Indonesian nation which participated in the resistance against colonialism. During the New Order era, there was a change in political direction which encouraged assimilation with discriminatory practices against the Chinese. Prejudice and stereotypes against Chinese Indonesian people in Indonesia are strengthening. They were marginalized and removed from history textbooks. This research contributes to inclusive history education through the writing of history textbooks and their lessons which represent the Chinese Indonesian as part of diversity for national integration.
本研究分析印尼历史教科书中华人印尼语或中化语的代表性变化。目前正在研究的历史教科书有两本,分别出版于指导民主和新秩序时期。本研究的重点是中国人民对殖民主义的反抗。本研究采用批评性语篇分析(CDA)方法进行定性分析。研究结果显示,印尼华人在历史教科书中的代表性话语发生了变化。在指导民主时期,华人作为印度尼西亚民族的一部分参与了抵抗殖民主义的融合话语。在新秩序时代,政治方向发生了变化,鼓励同化,对中国人采取歧视性做法。在印尼,对印尼华人的偏见和刻板印象正在加剧。他们被边缘化,从历史教科书中删除。本研究通过编写历史教科书及其课程,将印尼华人作为民族融合多样性的一部分,为包容性历史教育做出贡献。
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引用次数: 0
School textbooks on history: a case of representing the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet era and the period of independence of Kazakhstan 历史教科书:以代表苏联时代卫国战争和哈萨克斯坦独立时期为例
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11072
A. Satanov, Ayagan Burkitbay G.
The article analyzes Soviet and modern Kazakhstani school textbooks to cover the Great Patriotic War's history using the "Opening Up the Textbook" method. The purpose of this article is a comparative analysis of the textbooks of the Soviet era and the current textbooks to cover the events of military history in them. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of the history of the Great Patriotic War. Not only were different textbooks compared, but also the description of the history of the war in them. The study identifies standard and distinctive features and analyzes the specifics of the presentation of the main points of the war in the textbooks.
本文运用“教科书开放”的方法,分析了苏联和哈萨克斯坦现代学校教科书中卫国战争史的内容。本文的目的是对苏联时代的教科书和现在的教科书进行比较分析,以涵盖其中的军事历史事件。特别注意的是卫国战争历史的介绍。不仅比较了不同的教科书,而且还比较了教科书中对战争史的描述。本研究确定了教科书中战争要点的标准和特点,并分析了教科书中战争要点的具体表现。
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引用次数: 0
La segregación escolar y su impacto en el rendimiento académico del alumnado de educación primaria en España. 西班牙小学教育中学校隔离及其对学生学业成绩的影响。
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11374
Leopoldo Cabrera, D. Bianchi
Este artículo estudia los efectos de la desigualdad social en la escolarización diferencial del alumnado en la enseñanza primaria por centros y su repercusión en los desiguales resultados académicos en pruebas externas de evaluación. La realidad actual, y el pasado, muestran efectos negativos para el rendimiento académico del alumnado desfavorecido socioeconómica y culturalmente, escolarizado en mayor proporción en centros segregados por composición social. La democratización de la educación con la escolarización completa en la enseñanza primaria en España, desde hace décadas, no ha resuelto la aleatoriedad de los resultados académicos del alumnado que cabría esperar en procesos de escolarización con igualdad de oportunidades. La variable composición social de las escuelas, creada con el índice socioeconómico y cultural familiar del alumnado, muestra efectos significativos en el rendimiento de matemáticas del alumnado de primaria, si bien los centros de igual composición social muestran variabilidad significativa entre ellos, lo que asegura que las escuelas cuentan con capacidad para cambiar los resultados académicos, independientemente de su caracterización por composición de su alumnado. Los datos proceden del Informe TIMSS 2019, publicado por la IEA en diciembre de 2020. 
本文分析了社会不平等对小学学生受教育程度差异的影响及其对外部评估测试成绩不平等的影响。目前的现实和过去的现实都对社会经济和文化上处于不利地位的学生的学业成绩产生了负面影响,这些学生大部分是在社会构成隔离的学校上学的。几十年来,西班牙小学全面教育的教育民主化并没有解决学生学业成绩的随意性问题,而这是在机会平等的教育过程中所期望的。社会成员变量创建的学校,与学生的家庭社会经济和文化指数,显示性能显著影响数学中心小学学生,虽然同样社会显示有显著的成分包括,确保学校有改变学术成果的能力,学生的特征性成分不分。数据来自国际能源署2020年12月发布的《2019年TIMSS报告》。
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引用次数: 0
Los maestros rurales contra las concentraciones escolares: el origen de las Zonas Escolares Rurales 农村教师反对学校集中:农村学区的起源
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11280
Juan Agustín González Rodríguez, Núria Llevot-Calvet, Mari Paz López-Teulón, Olga Bernad-Cavero
Hoy en día, es comúnmente compartida la idea de que la escuela rural beneficia al alumnado y a la comunidad. Sin embargo, históricamente, no siempre ha sido así. Durante el franquismo se llegó a buscar su extinción, especialmente con la Ley General de Educación. En este contexto, varios maestros y maestras rurales, que se oponían a las concentraciones escolares y buscaban alternativas, se organizaron a finales de los 70 y principios de los 80 mediante su participación en las Jornadas de Escuela Rural. Este artículo, a través de entrevistas hechas a los maestros rurales que tuvieron un papel primordial en dichas Jornadas de Escuela Rural, busca conocer el rol de los educadores rurales en los procesos de cambio durante la transición democrática. Los resultados evidencian que fueron estos docentes quienes cuestionaron las políticas educativas de la época y quienes plantearon el modelo de escuela rural que hoy en día sigue existiendo.
如今,人们普遍认为农村学校对学生和社区都有好处。然而,从历史上看,情况并非总是如此。在佛朗哥统治时期,人们试图消灭它,特别是通过《教育通则》。在这种背景下,一些反对学校集中和寻求替代方案的农村教师在70年代末和80年代初通过参加农村学校日组织起来。本文通过对在农村学校会议中发挥重要作用的农村教师的采访,试图了解农村教育工作者在民主过渡期间的变革过程中所扮演的角色。这项研究的目的是确定在农村地区的教师中,有哪些人对教育政策提出了质疑,并提出了至今仍存在的农村学校模式。
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引用次数: 0
La historia de la educación a través de las revistas especializadas: temáticas, producción científica y bibliometría (1967-2022) 通过专业期刊的教育史:主题、科学生产和文献计量学(1967-2022)
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11028
Jacobo Roda-Segarra, Andrés Payà Rico, José Luis Hernández Huerta
Durante las tres últimas décadas se ha producido un importante aumento en cuanto al número de investigaciones en el campo de la Historia de la Educación. Esto, a pesar de favorecer la internacionalización y creación de redes transnacionales de investigación, también aumenta la complejidad de la comprensión global de la disciplina. Debido a esto, junto con el reducido número de estudios al respecto, la presente investigación realiza un análisis bibliométrico de 11 revistas relevantes internacionalmente desde 1967 hasta la actualidad. Se ha analizado la evolución de la producción a lo largo de los años, citaciones, autores y colaboraciones, países de afiliación, instituciones y colaboraciones, e idiomas. También se ha estudiado la representación por sexo de autoras y autores más productivos. Además, se ha realizado un análisis de las combinaciones de palabras clave más frecuentes, junto con la evolución de las temáticas más investigadas en la última década. Los resultados muestran un punto de inflexión en la producción a partir de 2006, con un importante crecimiento, así como unos bajos índices de colaboración entre autores y países. También muestran la relevancia en la última década de la investigación histórico-educativa por países y épocas, destacando la historia de la educación contemporánea especialmente.
在过去的30年里,教育历史领域的研究数量有了显著的增长。这在促进国际化和跨国研究网络的创建的同时,也增加了对该学科全球理解的复杂性。因此,本文对1967年至今的11种国际相关期刊进行了文献计量分析。分析了多年来生产的演变、引用、作者和合作、附属国家、机构和合作以及语言。研究人员还研究了最有生产力的女性作家的性别代表性。此外,还分析了最常见的关键词组合,以及过去十年中研究最多的主题的演变。本研究的目的是分析在墨西哥和拉丁美洲出版的西班牙语和葡萄牙语书籍的数量和质量。它还显示了过去十年中按国家和时代划分的历史教育研究的相关性,特别是当代教育史。
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引用次数: 0
Feudalism, meritocracy and sexual harassment 封建主义、精英主义和性骚扰
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.17583/hse.11788
Lidia Bordanoba Gallego, Olga Serradell, T. Morlà-Folch, Laura Ruiz-Eugenio, Cristina M. Pulido
Scientific literature has clarified that the contexts of more intense power relations favor sexual harassment and impunity. This article presents the results of a research that has analyzed a legislation aimed at combating sexual harassment that preceded six months earlier the selection and evaluation of faculty. The communicative research methodology followed the criteria of social impact and creation, which are currently required by the European Union research program. In addition to a documentary review, sixteen interviews were conducted, twelve with teachers who led the research that gave rise to these reforms and three with victims who managed to become survivors. The result shows an affirmation shared by all interviewees: the passing of legislation against sexual harassment weakened feudal relationships within universities and made members of the Spanish parliament aware of the need to overcome these relationships through meritocratic evaluation. This result can contribute to a twofold process: that feminisms support democratic and social reforms in universities and that those who elaborate scientific policies know that guaranteeing gender equality and overcoming sexual harassment is the way to promote scientific productivity.
科学文献已经阐明,更强烈的权力关系有利于性骚扰和有罪不罚。本文介绍了一项研究的结果,该研究分析了一项旨在打击性骚扰的立法,该立法在六个月前就开始了对教师的选择和评估。传播研究方法遵循了欧盟研究计划目前所要求的社会影响和创造标准。除了文献回顾外,还进行了16次采访,其中12次采访了领导研究并引发这些改革的教师,3次采访了设法成为幸存者的受害者。调查结果显示了所有受访者都认同的一个观点:反性骚扰立法的通过削弱了大学内部的封建关系,使西班牙议会成员意识到需要通过任人唯贤的评估来克服这些关系。这一结果可以促进一个双重过程:女权主义者支持大学的民主和社会改革,而那些制定科学政策的人知道,保证性别平等和克服性骚扰是促进科学生产力的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Margaret Thatcher’s UK School Reforms - Aims, Impact, and Legacy 玛格丽特·撒切尔的英国学校改革——目标、影响和遗产
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-10-23 DOI: 10.17583/hse.10645
J. McGuire
Rarely have changes to state funded school education in the United Kingdom (UK) been as significant or lasting as during the 1970 - 1990 period, under the direction of Education Secretary, and then Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher. This article will establish Thatcher’s place in the timeline of UK state funded education, before discussing the major changes to educational policy and teaching practice during the Thatcher premiership, including the complex socio-economic, cultural, and political context of these changes. Of particular interest is the 1988 Education Act, and the legacy this has had on UK schools and education.
1970年至1990年期间,在英国教育大臣、后来的首相玛格丽特·撒切尔的领导下,国家资助的学校教育很少有如此重大和持久的变化。本文将确定撒切尔夫人在英国国家资助教育时间表中的地位,然后讨论撒切尔夫人担任首相期间教育政策和教学实践的重大变化,包括这些变化的复杂社会经济,文化和政治背景。特别令人感兴趣的是1988年的《教育法》,以及它对英国学校和教育的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Project-Based Digital Photovoice: Teaching Local History through the Visual Method 基于项目的数字影像语音:通过视觉方法教授地方历史
IF 0.1 Q4 HISTORY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2022-10-23 DOI: 10.17583/hse.10444
Jamiludin Jamiludin, Darnawati Darnawati
This project-based research falls within ​​visual sociology in history education, which focuses on integrating local cultural heritage through digital photovoice (DP). It aims to build the students’ historical and cultural identity to preserve Indonesian cultural heritage. However, research on DP in history education is still scarce and understudied. Grounded in the Project-Based Learning (PBL) theory, this study explored how DP facilitated the students’ history learning of the local heritage. Forty-one history education students from an Indonesian public university agreed and consented to participate in the study. Data were analyzed from the PBL portfolio, student-created DP, and focus group interviews (FGI) with the students. As a result, the study highlights three key findings that PBL-DP integrated strategy: 1) facilitated and increased the students’ learning engagement, participation, autonomy, collaboration, and activeness in learning activities, 2) encouraged the production of student-created digital photovoice, and 3) promoted their historical and cultural identity. The implication of this study suggests integrating DP into history pedagogy and history teachers’ professional development.
这个基于项目的研究属于历史教育中的视觉社会学,其重点是通过数字影像语音(DP)整合当地文化遗产。它旨在建立学生的历史和文化身份,以保护印度尼西亚的文化遗产。然而,对历史教育中发展规划的研究仍然很少,研究不足。本研究以项目式学习(Project-Based Learning, PBL)理论为基础,探讨DP如何促进学生对当地遗产的历史学习。来自印度尼西亚一所公立大学的41名历史教育专业的学生同意并同意参加这项研究。数据分析来自PBL组合、学生创建的DP和与学生的焦点小组访谈(FGI)。结果表明,PBL-DP整合策略的三个主要发现是:1)促进和提高学生在学习活动中的学习参与度、自主性、协作性和主动性;2)鼓励学生创作数字照片语音;3)促进学生的历史文化认同。本研究建议将发展规划融入历史教育学与历史教师专业发展。
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引用次数: 0
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HSE-Social and Education History
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