纳米材料在油气田钻井工具和钻井液设计中的潜在应用

Amanullah, J. Ramasamy
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引用次数: 3

摘要

新兴的纳米科学、纳米技术和纳米材料可用于各种工业应用,以提高可靠性、性能、稳定性和功能能力。它们在石油和天然气行业用于极端钻井条件的工具和材料的设计和开发中的应用可以克服传统工具和行业使用的各种流体系统的当前限制。在酸性气体环境中物理化学稳定性差、在复杂地质环境中频繁发生机械故障和故障、在高温环境中热降解等功能限制,由于钻井作业从低风险地质环境向高风险地质环境、陆上位置向海上位置、浅水环境向深水环境等的转变,当前使用的常规工具和流体系统与极端操作条件相关联。随着全球社会的能源需求成倍增加,预计未来还会进一步增加,逐步转向风险越来越高的运营环境是不可避免的。此外,在低风险地区找到容易开采的石油和天然气资源的可能性正在迅速降低。这就是为什么石油和天然气公司不断转向极具挑战性的环境,以满足全球能源需求。这反映在复杂地质区域、深水环境、极端高温高压环境等钻井活动的扩大上。由于当前的工具和设备以及添加剂和化学品经常由于暴露在极端恶劣条件下的有害影响而失效和/或失去其功能,该行业需要工具和设备,化学流体添加剂,具有高度可靠性、耐化学性、热稳定性和机械稳定性,确保钻井作业安全无故障。几个研究领域已经证明,纳米结构材料和添加剂表现出改善的机械、化学、热、电和摩擦学性能,可以显著提高工具和设备的稳定性和耐用性,以及高性能流体设计所需添加剂的化学和热稳定性。这篇综述文章介绍了纳米材料在工具、设备、添加剂、化学品和智能材料的设计和开发中的应用的最新进展,以克服石油和天然气行业当前和未来的技术挑战。最后,强调了复合材料混合物设计的传统规则和目前由各种研究人员进行的基于纳米技术的研究,以证明纳米技术在提高石油和天然气行业使用的工具、设备和各种流体系统的物理、机械、化学和热性能方面的潜力。
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Potential Application of Nanomaterials in Oil and Gas Field Drilling Tools and Fluids Design
The emerging nanoscience, nanotechnology and nanomaterials can be used for various industrial applications to enhance reliability, performance, stability and functional capability. Their application in the design and development of tools and materials used in oil and gas industry for extreme drilling conditions could overcome the current limitations of conventional tools and the various fluid systems used by the industry. The functional limitations such as poor physio-chemical stability in acid gas environment, frequent mechanical failure and malfunctioning in complex geological environment, thermal degradation in high temperature environment, etc. of currently used conventional tools and fluid systems are associated with extreme operating conditions due to a shift of the drilling operation from low risk to high risk geological environments, onshore to offshore locations, shallow water to deep water environment, etc. The progressive shift to increasingly higher risk operating environments is unavoidable as the energy demand of global community has increased manifold and is expected to increase further in future. Moreover, the probability and likelihood of finding easy oils and gas resources in low risk areas are diminishing quickly. That is why the oil and gas companies are constantly shifting to extremely challenging environments to meet the global energy demand. This is reflected by the expansion of drilling activities in complex geological areas, deep water environments, extreme-HPHT environments, etc. As the current tools and equipment and also the additives and chemicals often fail and/or lose their functional ability due to the detrimental effect of exposure of extremely harsh conditions, the industry needs tools and equipment, chemicals fluid additives that are highly reliable, chemically resistive, thermally and mechanically stable to ensure safe and trouble free drilling operations. It has been demonstrated in several fields of study that nanostructured materials and additives exhibit improved mechanical, chemical, thermal, electrical and tribological properties that can significantly increase the stability and durability of the tools and equipment along with the chemical and thermal stability of additives required for high performance fluid design. This review article captures the recent developments about the application of nanomaterials in the design and development of tools, equipment, additives, chemicals and smart materials to overcome current and future technical challenges of the oil and gas industry. Finally, the conventional of rule of mixtures of composite materials design and the current nanotechnology-based research conducted by various researchers have been highlighted to demonstrate potential of nanotechnology to enhance the physical, mechanical, chemical and thermal property of tools, equipment and various fluid systems used by the oil and gas industry.
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